Meningitis and pneumonia in Guatemalan children: the importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae
OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive infections in hospitalized Guatemalan children. This is an important issue since Hib vaccine has not been incorporated into the routine immunization program in Guatemala and informat...
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2003
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4c889d19bd044eddae369d90cc7d0ffb 2023-05-15T15:18:00+02:00 Meningitis and pneumonia in Guatemalan children: the importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae Edwin J. Asturias Monica Soto Ricardo Menendez Patricia L. Ramirez Fabio Recinos Remei Gordillo Elizabeth Holt Neal A. Halsey 2003-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892003001100002 https://doaj.org/article/4c889d19bd044eddae369d90cc7d0ffb EN ES PT eng spa por Pan American Health Organization http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892003001100002&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1020-4989 1020-4989 doi:10.1590/s1020-49892003001100002 https://doaj.org/article/4c889d19bd044eddae369d90cc7d0ffb Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, Vol 14, Iss 6, Pp 377-384 (2003) Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis Haemophilus Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination Guatemala Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2003 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892003001100002 2022-12-31T15:00:23Z OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive infections in hospitalized Guatemalan children. This is an important issue since Hib vaccine has not been incorporated into the routine immunization program in Guatemala and information from hospital records in 1995 indicated a low incidence of Hib and S. pneumoniae as causes of meningitis and invasive infections. METHODS: Children who were hospitalized in Guatemala City with clinical signs compatible with bacterial infections were evaluated for evidence of Hib or S. pneumoniae infection. Normally sterile body fluids were cultured, and antigen detection was performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pleural fluid. RESULTS: Of 1 203 children 1-59 months of age hospitalized over a 28-month period, 725 of them (60.3%) had a primary diagnosis of pneumonia, 357 (29.7%) of meningitis, 60 (5.0%) of cellulitis, and 61 (5.1%) of sepsis and other conditions. Hib was identified in 20.0% of children with meningitis and S. pneumoniae in 12.9%. The average annual incidence of Hib meningitis was 13.8 cases per 100 000 children under 5 years of age, and 32.4% of meningitides caused by Hib and 58.7% of S. pneumoniae meningitides occurred prior to 6 months of age. Case fatality rates were 14.1%, 37.0%, and 18.0%, respectively, for children with Hib, S. pneumoniae, and culture-negative and antigen-negative meningitis. Prior antibiotic therapy was common and was associated with significant reductions in CSF-culture-positive results for children with other evidence of Hib or S. pneumoniae meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in case detection, culture methods, and latex agglutination for antigen detection in CSF resulted in identification of Hib and S. pneumoniae as important causes of severe disease in Guatemalan children. Using a cutoff of > 10 white blood cells per cubic millimeter in CSF would improve the sensitivity for detection of bacterial meningitis and help estimate the burden of bacterial meningitis in ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 14 6 |
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Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis Haemophilus Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination Guatemala Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis Haemophilus Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination Guatemala Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Edwin J. Asturias Monica Soto Ricardo Menendez Patricia L. Ramirez Fabio Recinos Remei Gordillo Elizabeth Holt Neal A. Halsey Meningitis and pneumonia in Guatemalan children: the importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae |
topic_facet |
Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis Haemophilus Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination Guatemala Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive infections in hospitalized Guatemalan children. This is an important issue since Hib vaccine has not been incorporated into the routine immunization program in Guatemala and information from hospital records in 1995 indicated a low incidence of Hib and S. pneumoniae as causes of meningitis and invasive infections. METHODS: Children who were hospitalized in Guatemala City with clinical signs compatible with bacterial infections were evaluated for evidence of Hib or S. pneumoniae infection. Normally sterile body fluids were cultured, and antigen detection was performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pleural fluid. RESULTS: Of 1 203 children 1-59 months of age hospitalized over a 28-month period, 725 of them (60.3%) had a primary diagnosis of pneumonia, 357 (29.7%) of meningitis, 60 (5.0%) of cellulitis, and 61 (5.1%) of sepsis and other conditions. Hib was identified in 20.0% of children with meningitis and S. pneumoniae in 12.9%. The average annual incidence of Hib meningitis was 13.8 cases per 100 000 children under 5 years of age, and 32.4% of meningitides caused by Hib and 58.7% of S. pneumoniae meningitides occurred prior to 6 months of age. Case fatality rates were 14.1%, 37.0%, and 18.0%, respectively, for children with Hib, S. pneumoniae, and culture-negative and antigen-negative meningitis. Prior antibiotic therapy was common and was associated with significant reductions in CSF-culture-positive results for children with other evidence of Hib or S. pneumoniae meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in case detection, culture methods, and latex agglutination for antigen detection in CSF resulted in identification of Hib and S. pneumoniae as important causes of severe disease in Guatemalan children. Using a cutoff of > 10 white blood cells per cubic millimeter in CSF would improve the sensitivity for detection of bacterial meningitis and help estimate the burden of bacterial meningitis in ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Edwin J. Asturias Monica Soto Ricardo Menendez Patricia L. Ramirez Fabio Recinos Remei Gordillo Elizabeth Holt Neal A. Halsey |
author_facet |
Edwin J. Asturias Monica Soto Ricardo Menendez Patricia L. Ramirez Fabio Recinos Remei Gordillo Elizabeth Holt Neal A. Halsey |
author_sort |
Edwin J. Asturias |
title |
Meningitis and pneumonia in Guatemalan children: the importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae |
title_short |
Meningitis and pneumonia in Guatemalan children: the importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae |
title_full |
Meningitis and pneumonia in Guatemalan children: the importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae |
title_fullStr |
Meningitis and pneumonia in Guatemalan children: the importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae |
title_full_unstemmed |
Meningitis and pneumonia in Guatemalan children: the importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae |
title_sort |
meningitis and pneumonia in guatemalan children: the importance of haemophilus influenzae type b and streptococcus pneumoniae |
publisher |
Pan American Health Organization |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892003001100002 https://doaj.org/article/4c889d19bd044eddae369d90cc7d0ffb |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, Vol 14, Iss 6, Pp 377-384 (2003) |
op_relation |
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892003001100002&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1020-4989 1020-4989 doi:10.1590/s1020-49892003001100002 https://doaj.org/article/4c889d19bd044eddae369d90cc7d0ffb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892003001100002 |
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Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |
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14 |
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