Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010–2014
Abstract Background As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs. Methods Travel histories f...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 2023-05-15T15:11:43+02:00 Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010–2014 Natalia Tejedor‐Garavito Nomcebo Dlamini Deepa Pindolia Adam Soble Nick W. Ruktanonchai Victor Alegana Arnaud Le Menach Nyasatu Ntshalintshali Bongani Dlamini David L. Smith Andrew J. Tatem Simon Kunene 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 https://doaj.org/article/4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2017) Imported malaria Travel history Malaria elimination Reactive case detection Surveillance system Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 2022-12-31T12:26:07Z Abstract Background As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs. Methods Travel histories from Swaziland’s routine surveillance data from January 2010 to June 2014 were extracted and analysed. The travel patterns and demographics of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed positive cases identified through passive and reactive case detection (RACD) were analysed and compared to those found to be negative through RACD. Results Of 1517 confirmed cases identified through passive surveillance, 67% reported travel history. A large proportion of positive cases reported domestic or international travel history (65%) compared to negative cases (10%). The primary risk factor for malaria infection in Swaziland was shown to be travel, more specifically international travel to Mozambique by 25- to 44-year old males, who spent on average 28 nights away. Maputo City, Inhambane and Gaza districts were the most likely travel destinations in Mozambique, and 96% of RDT-positive international travellers were either Swazi (52%) or Mozambican (44%) nationals, with Swazis being more likely to test negative. All international travellers were unlikely to have a bed net at home or use protection of any type while travelling. Additionally, paths of transmission, important border crossings and means of transport were identified. Conclusion Results from this analysis can be used to direct national and well as cross-border targeting of interventions, over space, time and by sub-population. The results also highlight that collaboration between neighbouring countries is needed to tackle the importation of malaria at the regional level. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 16 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Imported malaria Travel history Malaria elimination Reactive case detection Surveillance system Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Imported malaria Travel history Malaria elimination Reactive case detection Surveillance system Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Natalia Tejedor‐Garavito Nomcebo Dlamini Deepa Pindolia Adam Soble Nick W. Ruktanonchai Victor Alegana Arnaud Le Menach Nyasatu Ntshalintshali Bongani Dlamini David L. Smith Andrew J. Tatem Simon Kunene Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010–2014 |
topic_facet |
Imported malaria Travel history Malaria elimination Reactive case detection Surveillance system Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs. Methods Travel histories from Swaziland’s routine surveillance data from January 2010 to June 2014 were extracted and analysed. The travel patterns and demographics of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed positive cases identified through passive and reactive case detection (RACD) were analysed and compared to those found to be negative through RACD. Results Of 1517 confirmed cases identified through passive surveillance, 67% reported travel history. A large proportion of positive cases reported domestic or international travel history (65%) compared to negative cases (10%). The primary risk factor for malaria infection in Swaziland was shown to be travel, more specifically international travel to Mozambique by 25- to 44-year old males, who spent on average 28 nights away. Maputo City, Inhambane and Gaza districts were the most likely travel destinations in Mozambique, and 96% of RDT-positive international travellers were either Swazi (52%) or Mozambican (44%) nationals, with Swazis being more likely to test negative. All international travellers were unlikely to have a bed net at home or use protection of any type while travelling. Additionally, paths of transmission, important border crossings and means of transport were identified. Conclusion Results from this analysis can be used to direct national and well as cross-border targeting of interventions, over space, time and by sub-population. The results also highlight that collaboration between neighbouring countries is needed to tackle the importation of malaria at the regional level. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Natalia Tejedor‐Garavito Nomcebo Dlamini Deepa Pindolia Adam Soble Nick W. Ruktanonchai Victor Alegana Arnaud Le Menach Nyasatu Ntshalintshali Bongani Dlamini David L. Smith Andrew J. Tatem Simon Kunene |
author_facet |
Natalia Tejedor‐Garavito Nomcebo Dlamini Deepa Pindolia Adam Soble Nick W. Ruktanonchai Victor Alegana Arnaud Le Menach Nyasatu Ntshalintshali Bongani Dlamini David L. Smith Andrew J. Tatem Simon Kunene |
author_sort |
Natalia Tejedor‐Garavito |
title |
Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010–2014 |
title_short |
Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010–2014 |
title_full |
Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010–2014 |
title_fullStr |
Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010–2014 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010–2014 |
title_sort |
travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in swaziland, 2010–2014 |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 https://doaj.org/article/4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766342532068802560 |