The Kuchum Settlement: The Capital of Siberia or a Historical Myth (Archaeological Facts and Historical Assumptions)
Research objectives: The article scrutinizes the arguments challenging the urban status of the Kuchum settlement (Isker), the capital of the Siberian Khanate. The author analyzes the available data on the vicinity, population, trading, and craft production of this capital. Research materials: The ma...
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State Institution «Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences»
2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.359-373 https://doaj.org/article/4b0086b6b62b44bb8eabf895a52f529c |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4b0086b6b62b44bb8eabf895a52f529c 2023-05-15T18:31:03+02:00 The Kuchum Settlement: The Capital of Siberia or a Historical Myth (Archaeological Facts and Historical Assumptions) Adamov A.A. 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.359-373 https://doaj.org/article/4b0086b6b62b44bb8eabf895a52f529c EN RU eng rus State Institution «Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences» http://goldhorde.ru/en/stati2021-2-9/ https://doaj.org/toc/2308-152X https://doaj.org/toc/2313-6197 doi:10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.359-373 2308-152X 2313-6197 https://doaj.org/article/4b0086b6b62b44bb8eabf895a52f529c Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 359-373 (2021) siberia middle ages siberian khanate town of sibir kuchum settlement Auxiliary sciences of history C History of Civilization CB3-482 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.359-373 2022-12-31T10:05:56Z Research objectives: The article scrutinizes the arguments challenging the urban status of the Kuchum settlement (Isker), the capital of the Siberian Khanate. The author analyzes the available data on the vicinity, population, trading, and craft production of this capital. Research materials: The main sources are materials obtained during archaeological research in the ancient settlement in the twentieth and twenty-first century, as well as artifacts collected on the shallows of the Irtysh River from the destroyed cultural layer of the monument since the 1880s. The cartographic materials of S.U. Remezov, V. Filimonov, and V.N. Pignatti were also used in the study. Results and novelty of the research: An analysis of the available data showed that the area of the monument reached at least 2.6 hectares by the late fifteenth century. In addition, archaeological research by A.P. Zykov and the author revealed a complex multi-level fortification system aimed at defending the capital of the Siberian Khanate. The artifacts found in 2019 suggest the presence of oversize brick structures in the capital. Such artifacts prove the important role of Isker as the center of trade located on the most convenient route which connected Central Asia, China, Eastern Europe, and the taiga regions of Western Siberia. The population of the settlement widely used silver and copper coins in trading. The collected data show that blacksmiths, casters, jewelers, tailors, and tanners lived and worked in Isker. A huge cultural layer, rich in artifacts, of the Kuchum settlement could be formed only by a fairly large population by Siberian standards, consisting of the khan’s family and its servants, close members of the nobility, Muslim clergy, warriors, merchants, and artisans. The total available data allows us to consider Isker as the political, commercial, craft, and religious center of the Siberian Tatars. Article in Journal/Newspaper taiga Siberia Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles The Monument ENVELOPE(162.250,162.250,-72.583,-72.583) Sibir’ ENVELOPE(158.683,158.683,68.500,68.500) Filimonov ENVELOPE(37.933,37.933,62.980,62.980) Golden Horde Review 9 2 359 373 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English Russian |
topic |
siberia middle ages siberian khanate town of sibir kuchum settlement Auxiliary sciences of history C History of Civilization CB3-482 |
spellingShingle |
siberia middle ages siberian khanate town of sibir kuchum settlement Auxiliary sciences of history C History of Civilization CB3-482 Adamov A.A. The Kuchum Settlement: The Capital of Siberia or a Historical Myth (Archaeological Facts and Historical Assumptions) |
topic_facet |
siberia middle ages siberian khanate town of sibir kuchum settlement Auxiliary sciences of history C History of Civilization CB3-482 |
description |
Research objectives: The article scrutinizes the arguments challenging the urban status of the Kuchum settlement (Isker), the capital of the Siberian Khanate. The author analyzes the available data on the vicinity, population, trading, and craft production of this capital. Research materials: The main sources are materials obtained during archaeological research in the ancient settlement in the twentieth and twenty-first century, as well as artifacts collected on the shallows of the Irtysh River from the destroyed cultural layer of the monument since the 1880s. The cartographic materials of S.U. Remezov, V. Filimonov, and V.N. Pignatti were also used in the study. Results and novelty of the research: An analysis of the available data showed that the area of the monument reached at least 2.6 hectares by the late fifteenth century. In addition, archaeological research by A.P. Zykov and the author revealed a complex multi-level fortification system aimed at defending the capital of the Siberian Khanate. The artifacts found in 2019 suggest the presence of oversize brick structures in the capital. Such artifacts prove the important role of Isker as the center of trade located on the most convenient route which connected Central Asia, China, Eastern Europe, and the taiga regions of Western Siberia. The population of the settlement widely used silver and copper coins in trading. The collected data show that blacksmiths, casters, jewelers, tailors, and tanners lived and worked in Isker. A huge cultural layer, rich in artifacts, of the Kuchum settlement could be formed only by a fairly large population by Siberian standards, consisting of the khan’s family and its servants, close members of the nobility, Muslim clergy, warriors, merchants, and artisans. The total available data allows us to consider Isker as the political, commercial, craft, and religious center of the Siberian Tatars. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Adamov A.A. |
author_facet |
Adamov A.A. |
author_sort |
Adamov A.A. |
title |
The Kuchum Settlement: The Capital of Siberia or a Historical Myth (Archaeological Facts and Historical Assumptions) |
title_short |
The Kuchum Settlement: The Capital of Siberia or a Historical Myth (Archaeological Facts and Historical Assumptions) |
title_full |
The Kuchum Settlement: The Capital of Siberia or a Historical Myth (Archaeological Facts and Historical Assumptions) |
title_fullStr |
The Kuchum Settlement: The Capital of Siberia or a Historical Myth (Archaeological Facts and Historical Assumptions) |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Kuchum Settlement: The Capital of Siberia or a Historical Myth (Archaeological Facts and Historical Assumptions) |
title_sort |
kuchum settlement: the capital of siberia or a historical myth (archaeological facts and historical assumptions) |
publisher |
State Institution «Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences» |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.359-373 https://doaj.org/article/4b0086b6b62b44bb8eabf895a52f529c |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(162.250,162.250,-72.583,-72.583) ENVELOPE(158.683,158.683,68.500,68.500) ENVELOPE(37.933,37.933,62.980,62.980) |
geographic |
The Monument Sibir’ Filimonov |
geographic_facet |
The Monument Sibir’ Filimonov |
genre |
taiga Siberia |
genre_facet |
taiga Siberia |
op_source |
Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 359-373 (2021) |
op_relation |
http://goldhorde.ru/en/stati2021-2-9/ https://doaj.org/toc/2308-152X https://doaj.org/toc/2313-6197 doi:10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.359-373 2308-152X 2313-6197 https://doaj.org/article/4b0086b6b62b44bb8eabf895a52f529c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.359-373 |
container_title |
Golden Horde Review |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
359 |
op_container_end_page |
373 |
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1766214690392768512 |