Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone: Ice roughness and momentum transfer
The interplay between sea ice concentration, sea ice roughness, ocean stratification, and momentum transfer to the ice and ocean is subject to seasonal and decadal variations that are crucial to understanding the present and future air-ice-ocean system in the Arctic. In this study, continuous observ...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:49879343ce464ede82b125f149c848e8 2023-05-15T14:53:03+02:00 Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone: Ice roughness and momentum transfer Sylvia T. Cole John M. Toole Ratnaksha Lele Mary-Louise Timmermans Shawn G. Gallaher Timothy P. Stanton William J. Shaw Byongjun Hwang Ted Maksym Jeremy P. Wilkinson Macarena Ortiz Hans Graber Luc Rainville Alek A. Petty Sinéad L. Farrell Jackie A. Richter-Menge Christian Haas 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241 https://doaj.org/article/49879343ce464ede82b125f149c848e8 EN eng BioOne https://www.elementascience.org/articles/241 https://doaj.org/toc/2325-1026 2325-1026 doi:10.1525/elementa.241 https://doaj.org/article/49879343ce464ede82b125f149c848e8 Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol 5 (2017) Arctic ocean ice-ocean boundary layer momentum transfer Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241 2022-12-30T21:53:55Z The interplay between sea ice concentration, sea ice roughness, ocean stratification, and momentum transfer to the ice and ocean is subject to seasonal and decadal variations that are crucial to understanding the present and future air-ice-ocean system in the Arctic. In this study, continuous observations in the Canada Basin from March through December 2014 were used to investigate spatial differences and temporal changes in under-ice roughness and momentum transfer as the ice cover evolved seasonally. Observations of wind, ice, and ocean properties from four clusters of drifting instrument systems were complemented by direct drill-hole measurements and instrumented overhead flights by NASA operation IceBridge in March, as well as satellite remote sensing imagery about the instrument clusters. Spatially, directly estimated ice-ocean drag coefficients varied by a factor of three with rougher ice associated with smaller multi-year ice floe sizes embedded within the first-year-ice/multi-year-ice conglomerate. Temporal differences in the ice-ocean drag coefficient of 20–30% were observed prior to the mixed layer shoaling in summer and were associated with ice concentrations falling below 100%. The ice-ocean drag coefficient parameterization was found to be invalid in September with low ice concentrations and small ice floe sizes. Maximum momentum transfer to the ice occurred for moderate ice concentrations, and transfer to the ocean for the lowest ice concentrations and shallowest stratification. Wind work and ocean work on the ice were the dominant terms in the kinetic energy budget of the ice throughout the melt season, consistent with free drift conditions. Overall, ice topography, ice concentration, and the shallow summer mixed layer all influenced mixed layer currents and the transfer of momentum within the air-ice-ocean system. The observed changes in momentum transfer show that care must be taken to determine appropriate parameterizations of momentum transfer, and imply that the future Arctic system could ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic ocean ice-ocean boundary layer momentum transfer Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic ocean ice-ocean boundary layer momentum transfer Environmental sciences GE1-350 Sylvia T. Cole John M. Toole Ratnaksha Lele Mary-Louise Timmermans Shawn G. Gallaher Timothy P. Stanton William J. Shaw Byongjun Hwang Ted Maksym Jeremy P. Wilkinson Macarena Ortiz Hans Graber Luc Rainville Alek A. Petty Sinéad L. Farrell Jackie A. Richter-Menge Christian Haas Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone: Ice roughness and momentum transfer |
topic_facet |
Arctic ocean ice-ocean boundary layer momentum transfer Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
The interplay between sea ice concentration, sea ice roughness, ocean stratification, and momentum transfer to the ice and ocean is subject to seasonal and decadal variations that are crucial to understanding the present and future air-ice-ocean system in the Arctic. In this study, continuous observations in the Canada Basin from March through December 2014 were used to investigate spatial differences and temporal changes in under-ice roughness and momentum transfer as the ice cover evolved seasonally. Observations of wind, ice, and ocean properties from four clusters of drifting instrument systems were complemented by direct drill-hole measurements and instrumented overhead flights by NASA operation IceBridge in March, as well as satellite remote sensing imagery about the instrument clusters. Spatially, directly estimated ice-ocean drag coefficients varied by a factor of three with rougher ice associated with smaller multi-year ice floe sizes embedded within the first-year-ice/multi-year-ice conglomerate. Temporal differences in the ice-ocean drag coefficient of 20–30% were observed prior to the mixed layer shoaling in summer and were associated with ice concentrations falling below 100%. The ice-ocean drag coefficient parameterization was found to be invalid in September with low ice concentrations and small ice floe sizes. Maximum momentum transfer to the ice occurred for moderate ice concentrations, and transfer to the ocean for the lowest ice concentrations and shallowest stratification. Wind work and ocean work on the ice were the dominant terms in the kinetic energy budget of the ice throughout the melt season, consistent with free drift conditions. Overall, ice topography, ice concentration, and the shallow summer mixed layer all influenced mixed layer currents and the transfer of momentum within the air-ice-ocean system. The observed changes in momentum transfer show that care must be taken to determine appropriate parameterizations of momentum transfer, and imply that the future Arctic system could ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sylvia T. Cole John M. Toole Ratnaksha Lele Mary-Louise Timmermans Shawn G. Gallaher Timothy P. Stanton William J. Shaw Byongjun Hwang Ted Maksym Jeremy P. Wilkinson Macarena Ortiz Hans Graber Luc Rainville Alek A. Petty Sinéad L. Farrell Jackie A. Richter-Menge Christian Haas |
author_facet |
Sylvia T. Cole John M. Toole Ratnaksha Lele Mary-Louise Timmermans Shawn G. Gallaher Timothy P. Stanton William J. Shaw Byongjun Hwang Ted Maksym Jeremy P. Wilkinson Macarena Ortiz Hans Graber Luc Rainville Alek A. Petty Sinéad L. Farrell Jackie A. Richter-Menge Christian Haas |
author_sort |
Sylvia T. Cole |
title |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone: Ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_short |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone: Ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_full |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone: Ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_fullStr |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone: Ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone: Ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_sort |
ice and ocean velocity in the arctic marginal ice zone: ice roughness and momentum transfer |
publisher |
BioOne |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241 https://doaj.org/article/49879343ce464ede82b125f149c848e8 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Sea ice |
op_source |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol 5 (2017) |
op_relation |
https://www.elementascience.org/articles/241 https://doaj.org/toc/2325-1026 2325-1026 doi:10.1525/elementa.241 https://doaj.org/article/49879343ce464ede82b125f149c848e8 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
5 |
_version_ |
1766324469139243008 |