Wall-type and indoor residual spraying application quality affect the residual efficacy of indoor residual spray against wild malaria vector in southwest Ethiopia

• Published in: Malaria Journal
• Main Authors: Zerihun Desalegn, Teklu Wegayehu, Fekadu Massebo
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2018
• Subjects: Propoxur; Routine spray; Standard spray; Wall surface type; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Infectious and parasitic diseases; RC109-216; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2458-3; https://doaj.org/article/494d433e13ce484bbde88bc86de777f3

Abstract Background Residual efficacy of indoor residual spray may vary with different spray quality and wall surfaces types. This study evaluated the impact of spray quality and wall surface types on residual efficacy of propoxur against wild Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) in southwest Ethiopia. Methods Thirty houses of different mud wall surfaces (10 smooth, 10 rough, 10 painted) were selected and randomly allocated into routine and standard spray. The routine spray was conducted by district health office as usual, while the standard spray was done by strictly following guidelines. Three control houses were selected from unsprayed nearby semi-urban. Wild An. gambiae s.l. were used for wall bioassay tests. Two-way mixed model analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. The mean variation between wall and spray types was compared by post hoc analysis of IBM SPSS version 20. Results On standard spray, knockdown rate was 95.3% on painted, 82% on smooth and 72.5% on rough surface at week 17 of post-spray, whereas on routine spray it was 82.7% on painted, 48.7% on smooth and 60% on rough surface. On standard spray, mortality rate of An. gambiae s.l. was 99.3% on painted surface, 90% on smooth and 80% on rough surface. On routine spray, it was 89.3% on painted, 61.3% on smooth and 65% on rough surface at week 17 of post-spray. The painted wall surface showed the highest knockdown rate (86.4–100%) on standard and (73.8–91.5%) routine spray; mortality rate was more than 80% on both spray types during the 17 weeks of follow-up regardless of spray types. The lower mortality rate and residual effect was observed on routine smooth and rough wall surfaces. The residual efficacy of propoxur was > 80% at week 17 on standard spray regardless of the wall types and it was < 80% on routine spray except painted wall surface. Conclusion The painted wall surface and standard spray showed better residual efficacy. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the wall surface available in the community to estimate the ...