Operational Modelling of Umbrella Cloud Growth in a Lagrangian Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model
Large explosive eruptions can result in the formation of an umbrella cloud which rapidly expands, spreading ash out radially from the volcano. The lateral spread by the intrusive gravity current dominates the transport of the ash cloud. Hence, to accurately forecast the transport of ash from large e...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:48a177e0a9044e68b4ddc878f3ad98dc 2023-05-15T16:09:36+02:00 Operational Modelling of Umbrella Cloud Growth in a Lagrangian Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model Helen N. Webster Benjamin J. Devenish Larry G. Mastin David J. Thomson Alexa R. Van Eaton 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020200 https://doaj.org/article/48a177e0a9044e68b4ddc878f3ad98dc EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/2/200 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos11020200 https://doaj.org/article/48a177e0a9044e68b4ddc878f3ad98dc Atmosphere, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 200 (2020) umbrella cloud volcanic ash transport and dispersion model lateral spread satellite observations operational forecasting Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020200 2022-12-31T00:47:44Z Large explosive eruptions can result in the formation of an umbrella cloud which rapidly expands, spreading ash out radially from the volcano. The lateral spread by the intrusive gravity current dominates the transport of the ash cloud. Hence, to accurately forecast the transport of ash from large eruptions, lateral spread of umbrella clouds needs to be represented within volcanic ash transport and dispersion models. Here, we describe an umbrella cloud parameterisation which has been implemented into an operational Lagrangian model and consider how it may be used during an eruption when information concerning the eruption is limited and model runtime is key. We examine different relations for the volume flow rate into the umbrella, and the rate of spreading within the cloud. The scheme is validated against historic eruptions of differing scales (Pinatubo 1991, Kelud 2014, Calbuco 2015 and Eyjafjallajökull 2010) by comparing model predictions with satellite observations. Reasonable predictions of umbrella cloud spread are achieved using an estimated volume flow rate from the empirical equation by Bursik et al. and the observed eruption height. We show how model predictions can be refined during an ongoing eruption as further information and observations become available. Article in Journal/Newspaper Eyjafjallajökull Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Bursik ENVELOPE(-84.383,-84.383,-79.717,-79.717) Atmosphere 11 2 200 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
umbrella cloud volcanic ash transport and dispersion model lateral spread satellite observations operational forecasting Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
umbrella cloud volcanic ash transport and dispersion model lateral spread satellite observations operational forecasting Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Helen N. Webster Benjamin J. Devenish Larry G. Mastin David J. Thomson Alexa R. Van Eaton Operational Modelling of Umbrella Cloud Growth in a Lagrangian Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model |
topic_facet |
umbrella cloud volcanic ash transport and dispersion model lateral spread satellite observations operational forecasting Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
Large explosive eruptions can result in the formation of an umbrella cloud which rapidly expands, spreading ash out radially from the volcano. The lateral spread by the intrusive gravity current dominates the transport of the ash cloud. Hence, to accurately forecast the transport of ash from large eruptions, lateral spread of umbrella clouds needs to be represented within volcanic ash transport and dispersion models. Here, we describe an umbrella cloud parameterisation which has been implemented into an operational Lagrangian model and consider how it may be used during an eruption when information concerning the eruption is limited and model runtime is key. We examine different relations for the volume flow rate into the umbrella, and the rate of spreading within the cloud. The scheme is validated against historic eruptions of differing scales (Pinatubo 1991, Kelud 2014, Calbuco 2015 and Eyjafjallajökull 2010) by comparing model predictions with satellite observations. Reasonable predictions of umbrella cloud spread are achieved using an estimated volume flow rate from the empirical equation by Bursik et al. and the observed eruption height. We show how model predictions can be refined during an ongoing eruption as further information and observations become available. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Helen N. Webster Benjamin J. Devenish Larry G. Mastin David J. Thomson Alexa R. Van Eaton |
author_facet |
Helen N. Webster Benjamin J. Devenish Larry G. Mastin David J. Thomson Alexa R. Van Eaton |
author_sort |
Helen N. Webster |
title |
Operational Modelling of Umbrella Cloud Growth in a Lagrangian Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model |
title_short |
Operational Modelling of Umbrella Cloud Growth in a Lagrangian Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model |
title_full |
Operational Modelling of Umbrella Cloud Growth in a Lagrangian Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model |
title_fullStr |
Operational Modelling of Umbrella Cloud Growth in a Lagrangian Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Operational Modelling of Umbrella Cloud Growth in a Lagrangian Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion Model |
title_sort |
operational modelling of umbrella cloud growth in a lagrangian volcanic ash transport and dispersion model |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020200 https://doaj.org/article/48a177e0a9044e68b4ddc878f3ad98dc |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-84.383,-84.383,-79.717,-79.717) |
geographic |
Bursik |
geographic_facet |
Bursik |
genre |
Eyjafjallajökull |
genre_facet |
Eyjafjallajökull |
op_source |
Atmosphere, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 200 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/2/200 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos11020200 https://doaj.org/article/48a177e0a9044e68b4ddc878f3ad98dc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020200 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
200 |
_version_ |
1766405452078252032 |