Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan.
Knowing the reproductive characteristics of a species is essential for the appropriate conservation and management of wildlife. In this study, we investigated the demographic parameters, including age of primiparity, litter size, inter-birth interval, reproductive rate, and cub survival rate, of Hok...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:47e89fc57f0b467f9033b16785b3cf57 2023-05-15T18:42:13+02:00 Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. Michito Shimozuru Masami Yamanaka Masanao Nakanishi Jun Moriwaki Fumihiko Mori Masakatsu Tsujino Yuri Shirane Tsuyoshi Ishinazaka Shinsuke Kasai Takane Nose Yasushi Masuda Toshio Tsubota 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176251 https://doaj.org/article/47e89fc57f0b467f9033b16785b3cf57 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5404773?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176251 https://doaj.org/article/47e89fc57f0b467f9033b16785b3cf57 PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e0176251 (2017) Medicine R Science Q article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176251 2022-12-31T07:10:52Z Knowing the reproductive characteristics of a species is essential for the appropriate conservation and management of wildlife. In this study, we investigated the demographic parameters, including age of primiparity, litter size, inter-birth interval, reproductive rate, and cub survival rate, of Hokkaido brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis) in the Rusha area on the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, based on a long-term, individual-based monitoring survey. A total of 15 philopatric females were observed nearly every year from 2006 to 2016, and these observations were used to estimate reproductive parameters. The mean age of primiparity was 5.3 ± 0.2 (SE) years (n = 7, 95% CI = 5.0-5.6). We observed 81 cubs in 46 litters from 15 bears. Litter size ranged from one to three cubs, and averaged 1.76 ± 0.08 (SE) cubs/litter (95% CI = 1.61-1.91). Inter-birth intervals ranged from 1 to 4 years, and the mean value was estimated as 2.43 (95% CI = 2.16-2.76) and 2.53 (95% CI = 2.26-2.85) years in all litters and in litters that survived at least their first year, respectively. The reproductive rate was estimated from 0.70 to 0.76 young born/year/reproductive adult female, depending on the method of calculation. The cub survival rate between 0.5 and 1.5 years ranged from 60 to 73%. Most cub disappearances occurred in July and August, suggesting that cub mortality is mainly due to poor nutrition in the summer. All reproductive parameters observed in the Rusha area on the Shiretoko Peninsula fell within the range reported in Europe and North America, and were among the lowest or shortest age of primiparity, litter size, and inter-birth intervals, and ranked at a high level for reproductive rate. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ursus arctos Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS ONE 12 4 e0176251 |
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English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Michito Shimozuru Masami Yamanaka Masanao Nakanishi Jun Moriwaki Fumihiko Mori Masakatsu Tsujino Yuri Shirane Tsuyoshi Ishinazaka Shinsuke Kasai Takane Nose Yasushi Masuda Toshio Tsubota Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Knowing the reproductive characteristics of a species is essential for the appropriate conservation and management of wildlife. In this study, we investigated the demographic parameters, including age of primiparity, litter size, inter-birth interval, reproductive rate, and cub survival rate, of Hokkaido brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis) in the Rusha area on the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, based on a long-term, individual-based monitoring survey. A total of 15 philopatric females were observed nearly every year from 2006 to 2016, and these observations were used to estimate reproductive parameters. The mean age of primiparity was 5.3 ± 0.2 (SE) years (n = 7, 95% CI = 5.0-5.6). We observed 81 cubs in 46 litters from 15 bears. Litter size ranged from one to three cubs, and averaged 1.76 ± 0.08 (SE) cubs/litter (95% CI = 1.61-1.91). Inter-birth intervals ranged from 1 to 4 years, and the mean value was estimated as 2.43 (95% CI = 2.16-2.76) and 2.53 (95% CI = 2.26-2.85) years in all litters and in litters that survived at least their first year, respectively. The reproductive rate was estimated from 0.70 to 0.76 young born/year/reproductive adult female, depending on the method of calculation. The cub survival rate between 0.5 and 1.5 years ranged from 60 to 73%. Most cub disappearances occurred in July and August, suggesting that cub mortality is mainly due to poor nutrition in the summer. All reproductive parameters observed in the Rusha area on the Shiretoko Peninsula fell within the range reported in Europe and North America, and were among the lowest or shortest age of primiparity, litter size, and inter-birth intervals, and ranked at a high level for reproductive rate. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Michito Shimozuru Masami Yamanaka Masanao Nakanishi Jun Moriwaki Fumihiko Mori Masakatsu Tsujino Yuri Shirane Tsuyoshi Ishinazaka Shinsuke Kasai Takane Nose Yasushi Masuda Toshio Tsubota |
author_facet |
Michito Shimozuru Masami Yamanaka Masanao Nakanishi Jun Moriwaki Fumihiko Mori Masakatsu Tsujino Yuri Shirane Tsuyoshi Ishinazaka Shinsuke Kasai Takane Nose Yasushi Masuda Toshio Tsubota |
author_sort |
Michito Shimozuru |
title |
Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. |
title_short |
Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. |
title_full |
Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. |
title_fullStr |
Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. |
title_sort |
reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the rusha area of the shiretoko peninsula, hokkaido, japan. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176251 https://doaj.org/article/47e89fc57f0b467f9033b16785b3cf57 |
genre |
Ursus arctos |
genre_facet |
Ursus arctos |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e0176251 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5404773?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176251 https://doaj.org/article/47e89fc57f0b467f9033b16785b3cf57 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176251 |
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PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
e0176251 |
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1766231832572985344 |