Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan
In recent decades, temperature variations have significantly affected the ecosystem and human livelihood in Pakistan. The wavelet analysis is employed to identify the associations between regional temperature change and global teleconnections, i.e. Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Arctic Osc...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:47af3501614440e8a5af7307d26babd1 2023-09-26T15:15:23+02:00 Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan Azfar Hussain Ishtiaq Hussain Shaukat Ali Waheed Ullah Abolfazl Rezaei Safi Ullah Haider Abbas Asima Manzoom Jinxing Zhou Jianhua Cao 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acee99 https://doaj.org/article/47af3501614440e8a5af7307d26babd1 EN eng IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acee99 https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acee99 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/47af3501614440e8a5af7307d26babd1 Environmental Research Letters, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 094028 (2023) temperature Atlantic and Pacific teleconnections wavelet coherence ENSO global warming Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acee99 2023-08-27T00:36:52Z In recent decades, temperature variations have significantly affected the ecosystem and human livelihood in Pakistan. The wavelet analysis is employed to identify the associations between regional temperature change and global teleconnections, i.e. Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Tropical Northern Atlantic Index (TNA), Pacific/North American Index (PNA), North Pacific Pattern (NP), Western Pacific Index (WP), and Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP). This paper first uses monotonic modified Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator to compute the temperature changes in Pakistan and its homogenous climatic regions during 1960–2020. It is found that the temperature in Pakistan has increased significantly at 0.23 °C dec ^−1 in the last 62 years, which is also higher than the global average increase. This increase is more evident in region IV and V in spring at 0.63 and 0.43 °C dec ^−1 respectively, followed by summer and autumn. Temperature changes in Pakistan and its sub-regions are mainly associated with NP, WP and WHWP with higher mean significant coherences. Overall, temperature changes are significantly influenced by multiple interactions of global teleconnections, and these combinations indicate that the integrated influence of teleconnections can better explain the regional temperature changes. The teleconnections with broader significant influence over Pakistan are NP + WP + WHWP, followed by Pacific-based (ENSO, PDO, and PNA), and Atlantic-based (AMO, AO, and NAO) indices as revealed by the mean significant coherences of 0.82, 0.82 and 0.72 respectively. Annually, AMO, TNA and WHWP showed significant correlation with higher magnitudes of 0.44, 0.42 and 0.20 respectively, indicating the modulation effect of these teleconnections on temperature changes over Pakistan. The combined impacts from the various teleconnections represent a considerable advancement in the accuracy of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Global warming North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Kendall ENVELOPE(-59.828,-59.828,-63.497,-63.497) Pacific Environmental Research Letters 18 9 094028 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
temperature Atlantic and Pacific teleconnections wavelet coherence ENSO global warming Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
spellingShingle |
temperature Atlantic and Pacific teleconnections wavelet coherence ENSO global warming Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 Azfar Hussain Ishtiaq Hussain Shaukat Ali Waheed Ullah Abolfazl Rezaei Safi Ullah Haider Abbas Asima Manzoom Jinxing Zhou Jianhua Cao Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan |
topic_facet |
temperature Atlantic and Pacific teleconnections wavelet coherence ENSO global warming Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
description |
In recent decades, temperature variations have significantly affected the ecosystem and human livelihood in Pakistan. The wavelet analysis is employed to identify the associations between regional temperature change and global teleconnections, i.e. Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Tropical Northern Atlantic Index (TNA), Pacific/North American Index (PNA), North Pacific Pattern (NP), Western Pacific Index (WP), and Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP). This paper first uses monotonic modified Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator to compute the temperature changes in Pakistan and its homogenous climatic regions during 1960–2020. It is found that the temperature in Pakistan has increased significantly at 0.23 °C dec ^−1 in the last 62 years, which is also higher than the global average increase. This increase is more evident in region IV and V in spring at 0.63 and 0.43 °C dec ^−1 respectively, followed by summer and autumn. Temperature changes in Pakistan and its sub-regions are mainly associated with NP, WP and WHWP with higher mean significant coherences. Overall, temperature changes are significantly influenced by multiple interactions of global teleconnections, and these combinations indicate that the integrated influence of teleconnections can better explain the regional temperature changes. The teleconnections with broader significant influence over Pakistan are NP + WP + WHWP, followed by Pacific-based (ENSO, PDO, and PNA), and Atlantic-based (AMO, AO, and NAO) indices as revealed by the mean significant coherences of 0.82, 0.82 and 0.72 respectively. Annually, AMO, TNA and WHWP showed significant correlation with higher magnitudes of 0.44, 0.42 and 0.20 respectively, indicating the modulation effect of these teleconnections on temperature changes over Pakistan. The combined impacts from the various teleconnections represent a considerable advancement in the accuracy of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Azfar Hussain Ishtiaq Hussain Shaukat Ali Waheed Ullah Abolfazl Rezaei Safi Ullah Haider Abbas Asima Manzoom Jinxing Zhou Jianhua Cao |
author_facet |
Azfar Hussain Ishtiaq Hussain Shaukat Ali Waheed Ullah Abolfazl Rezaei Safi Ullah Haider Abbas Asima Manzoom Jinxing Zhou Jianhua Cao |
author_sort |
Azfar Hussain |
title |
Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan |
title_short |
Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan |
title_full |
Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan |
title_fullStr |
Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in Pakistan |
title_sort |
ocean–atmosphere circulation coherences associated with temperature increase in pakistan |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acee99 https://doaj.org/article/47af3501614440e8a5af7307d26babd1 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.828,-59.828,-63.497,-63.497) |
geographic |
Arctic Kendall Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Kendall Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Global warming North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
Arctic Global warming North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 094028 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acee99 https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acee99 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/47af3501614440e8a5af7307d26babd1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acee99 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
094028 |
_version_ |
1778136322609774592 |