Identification of a sex-linked SNP marker in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using RAD sequencing.
The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837)) is a parasitic copepod that can, if untreated, cause considerable damage to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) and incurs significant costs to the Atlantic salmon mariculture industry. Salmon lice are gonochoristic and normally show...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:47510ec62f1e4cf3b8388d028571e7fb 2023-05-15T15:31:54+02:00 Identification of a sex-linked SNP marker in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using RAD sequencing. Stephen N Carmichael Michaël Bekaert John B Taggart Hayden R L Christie David I Bassett James E Bron Philip J Skuce Karim Gharbi Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen Armin Sturm 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 https://doaj.org/article/47510ec62f1e4cf3b8388d028571e7fb EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3797693?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 https://doaj.org/article/47510ec62f1e4cf3b8388d028571e7fb PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 10, p e77832 (2013) Medicine R Science Q article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 2022-12-30T22:52:19Z The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837)) is a parasitic copepod that can, if untreated, cause considerable damage to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) and incurs significant costs to the Atlantic salmon mariculture industry. Salmon lice are gonochoristic and normally show sex ratios close to 1:1. While this observation suggests that sex determination in salmon lice is genetic, with only minor environmental influences, the mechanism of sex determination in the salmon louse is unknown. This paper describes the identification of a sex-linked Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) marker, providing the first evidence for a genetic mechanism of sex determination in the salmon louse. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to isolate SNP markers in a laboratory-maintained salmon louse strain. A total of 85 million raw Illumina 100 base paired-end reads produced 281,838 unique RAD-tags across 24 unrelated individuals. RAD marker Lsa101901 showed complete association with phenotypic sex for all individuals analysed, being heterozygous in females and homozygous in males. Using an allele-specific PCR assay for genotyping, this SNP association pattern was further confirmed for three unrelated salmon louse strains, displaying complete association with phenotypic sex in a total of 96 genotyped individuals. The marker Lsa101901 was located in the coding region of the prohibitin-2 gene, which showed a sex-dependent differential expression, with mRNA levels determined by RT-qPCR about 1.8-fold higher in adult female than adult male salmon lice. This study's observations of a novel sex-linked SNP marker are consistent with sex determination in the salmon louse being genetic and following a female heterozygous system. Marker Lsa101901 provides a tool to determine the genetic sex of salmon lice, and could be useful in the development of control strategies. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLoS ONE 8 10 e77832 |
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Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Stephen N Carmichael Michaël Bekaert John B Taggart Hayden R L Christie David I Bassett James E Bron Philip J Skuce Karim Gharbi Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen Armin Sturm Identification of a sex-linked SNP marker in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using RAD sequencing. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837)) is a parasitic copepod that can, if untreated, cause considerable damage to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) and incurs significant costs to the Atlantic salmon mariculture industry. Salmon lice are gonochoristic and normally show sex ratios close to 1:1. While this observation suggests that sex determination in salmon lice is genetic, with only minor environmental influences, the mechanism of sex determination in the salmon louse is unknown. This paper describes the identification of a sex-linked Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) marker, providing the first evidence for a genetic mechanism of sex determination in the salmon louse. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to isolate SNP markers in a laboratory-maintained salmon louse strain. A total of 85 million raw Illumina 100 base paired-end reads produced 281,838 unique RAD-tags across 24 unrelated individuals. RAD marker Lsa101901 showed complete association with phenotypic sex for all individuals analysed, being heterozygous in females and homozygous in males. Using an allele-specific PCR assay for genotyping, this SNP association pattern was further confirmed for three unrelated salmon louse strains, displaying complete association with phenotypic sex in a total of 96 genotyped individuals. The marker Lsa101901 was located in the coding region of the prohibitin-2 gene, which showed a sex-dependent differential expression, with mRNA levels determined by RT-qPCR about 1.8-fold higher in adult female than adult male salmon lice. This study's observations of a novel sex-linked SNP marker are consistent with sex determination in the salmon louse being genetic and following a female heterozygous system. Marker Lsa101901 provides a tool to determine the genetic sex of salmon lice, and could be useful in the development of control strategies. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stephen N Carmichael Michaël Bekaert John B Taggart Hayden R L Christie David I Bassett James E Bron Philip J Skuce Karim Gharbi Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen Armin Sturm |
author_facet |
Stephen N Carmichael Michaël Bekaert John B Taggart Hayden R L Christie David I Bassett James E Bron Philip J Skuce Karim Gharbi Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen Armin Sturm |
author_sort |
Stephen N Carmichael |
title |
Identification of a sex-linked SNP marker in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using RAD sequencing. |
title_short |
Identification of a sex-linked SNP marker in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using RAD sequencing. |
title_full |
Identification of a sex-linked SNP marker in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using RAD sequencing. |
title_fullStr |
Identification of a sex-linked SNP marker in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using RAD sequencing. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of a sex-linked SNP marker in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) using RAD sequencing. |
title_sort |
identification of a sex-linked snp marker in the salmon louse (lepeophtheirus salmonis) using rad sequencing. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 https://doaj.org/article/47510ec62f1e4cf3b8388d028571e7fb |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 10, p e77832 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3797693?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 https://doaj.org/article/47510ec62f1e4cf3b8388d028571e7fb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
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10 |
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e77832 |
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1766362393152061440 |