A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia

Abstract Background Asymptomatic reservoirs of malaria parasites are common yet are difficult to detect, posing a problem for malaria control. If control programmes focus on mosquito control and treatment of symptomatic individuals only, malaria can quickly resurge if interventions are scaled back....

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Published in:Malaria Journal
Main Authors: Kobayashi Tamaki, Mharakurwa Sungano, Hamapumbu Harry, Moono Petros, Kamanga Aniset, Stresman Gillian H, Moss William J, Shiff Clive
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: BMC 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-265
https://doaj.org/article/47506353b3c74d68b53798e3f15f8cb0
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spelling ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:47506353b3c74d68b53798e3f15f8cb0 2023-05-15T15:18:11+02:00 A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia Kobayashi Tamaki Mharakurwa Sungano Hamapumbu Harry Moono Petros Kamanga Aniset Stresman Gillian H Moss William J Shiff Clive 2010-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-265 https://doaj.org/article/47506353b3c74d68b53798e3f15f8cb0 EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/265 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-265 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/47506353b3c74d68b53798e3f15f8cb0 Malaria Journal, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 265 (2010) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2010 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-265 2022-12-31T09:11:58Z Abstract Background Asymptomatic reservoirs of malaria parasites are common yet are difficult to detect, posing a problem for malaria control. If control programmes focus on mosquito control and treatment of symptomatic individuals only, malaria can quickly resurge if interventions are scaled back. Foci of parasite populations must be identified and treated. Therefore, an active case detection system that facilitates detection of asymptomatic parasitaemia and gametocyte carriers was developed and tested in the Macha region in southern Zambia. Methods Each week, nurses at participating rural health centres (RHC) communicated the number of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) positive malaria cases to a central research team. During the dry season when malaria transmission was lowest, the research team followed up each positive case reported by the RHC by a visit to the homestead. The coordinates of the location were obtained by GPS and all consenting residents completed a questionnaire and were screened for malaria using thick blood film, RDT, nested-PCR, and RT-PCR for asexual and sexual stage parasites. Persons who tested positive by RDT were treated with artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem ® ). Data were compared with a community-based study of randomly selected households to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitaemia in the same localities in September 2009. Results In total, 186 and 141 participants residing in 23 case and 24 control homesteads, respectively, were screened. In the case homesteads for which a control population was available (10 of the 23), household members of clinically diagnosed cases had a 8.0% prevalence of malaria using PCR compared to 0.7% PCR positive individuals in the control group (p = 0.006). The case and control groups had a gametocyte prevalence of 2.3% and 0%, respectively but the difference was not significant (p = 0.145). Conclusions This pilot project showed that active case detection is feasible and can identify reservoirs of asymptomatic infection. A larger sample size, data ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Homestead ENVELOPE(-119.369,-119.369,55.517,55.517) Macha ENVELOPE(127.166,127.166,73.003,73.003) Malaria Journal 9 1
institution Open Polar
collection Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles
op_collection_id ftdoajarticles
language English
topic Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
RC955-962
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
spellingShingle Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
RC955-962
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
Kobayashi Tamaki
Mharakurwa Sungano
Hamapumbu Harry
Moono Petros
Kamanga Aniset
Stresman Gillian H
Moss William J
Shiff Clive
A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia
topic_facet Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
RC955-962
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
description Abstract Background Asymptomatic reservoirs of malaria parasites are common yet are difficult to detect, posing a problem for malaria control. If control programmes focus on mosquito control and treatment of symptomatic individuals only, malaria can quickly resurge if interventions are scaled back. Foci of parasite populations must be identified and treated. Therefore, an active case detection system that facilitates detection of asymptomatic parasitaemia and gametocyte carriers was developed and tested in the Macha region in southern Zambia. Methods Each week, nurses at participating rural health centres (RHC) communicated the number of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) positive malaria cases to a central research team. During the dry season when malaria transmission was lowest, the research team followed up each positive case reported by the RHC by a visit to the homestead. The coordinates of the location were obtained by GPS and all consenting residents completed a questionnaire and were screened for malaria using thick blood film, RDT, nested-PCR, and RT-PCR for asexual and sexual stage parasites. Persons who tested positive by RDT were treated with artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem ® ). Data were compared with a community-based study of randomly selected households to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitaemia in the same localities in September 2009. Results In total, 186 and 141 participants residing in 23 case and 24 control homesteads, respectively, were screened. In the case homesteads for which a control population was available (10 of the 23), household members of clinically diagnosed cases had a 8.0% prevalence of malaria using PCR compared to 0.7% PCR positive individuals in the control group (p = 0.006). The case and control groups had a gametocyte prevalence of 2.3% and 0%, respectively but the difference was not significant (p = 0.145). Conclusions This pilot project showed that active case detection is feasible and can identify reservoirs of asymptomatic infection. A larger sample size, data ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Kobayashi Tamaki
Mharakurwa Sungano
Hamapumbu Harry
Moono Petros
Kamanga Aniset
Stresman Gillian H
Moss William J
Shiff Clive
author_facet Kobayashi Tamaki
Mharakurwa Sungano
Hamapumbu Harry
Moono Petros
Kamanga Aniset
Stresman Gillian H
Moss William J
Shiff Clive
author_sort Kobayashi Tamaki
title A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia
title_short A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia
title_full A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia
title_fullStr A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia
title_full_unstemmed A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia
title_sort method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in southern province, zambia
publisher BMC
publishDate 2010
url https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-265
https://doaj.org/article/47506353b3c74d68b53798e3f15f8cb0
long_lat ENVELOPE(-119.369,-119.369,55.517,55.517)
ENVELOPE(127.166,127.166,73.003,73.003)
geographic Arctic
Homestead
Macha
geographic_facet Arctic
Homestead
Macha
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_source Malaria Journal, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 265 (2010)
op_relation http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/265
https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-265
1475-2875
https://doaj.org/article/47506353b3c74d68b53798e3f15f8cb0
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-265
container_title Malaria Journal
container_volume 9
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