Morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the central Canadian Arctic
Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis and Varestrongylus eleguneniensis are the two most common protostrongylid nematodes infecting muskoxen in the North American Arctic and Subarctic. First stage larvae (L1) of these lungworms have considerable morphological similarity that makes their differential dia...
Published in: | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:474e5b1dc1d54aa08f9f2234dbe2f1c7 2023-05-15T14:53:03+02:00 Morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the central Canadian Arctic Pratap Kafle Manigandan Lejeune Guilherme G. Verocai Eric P. Hoberg Susan J. Kutz 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.05.003 https://doaj.org/article/474e5b1dc1d54aa08f9f2234dbe2f1c7 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224415000267 https://doaj.org/toc/2213-2244 2213-2244 doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.05.003 https://doaj.org/article/474e5b1dc1d54aa08f9f2234dbe2f1c7 International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 283-290 (2015) Arctic parasitology Diagnostic parasitology Morphology and morphometry Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis Varestrongylus eleguneniensis Zoology QL1-991 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.05.003 2022-12-31T02:35:50Z Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis and Varestrongylus eleguneniensis are the two most common protostrongylid nematodes infecting muskoxen in the North American Arctic and Subarctic. First stage larvae (L1) of these lungworms have considerable morphological similarity that makes their differential diagnosis very difficult. Using light microscopy, we studied in detail the L1 of these two species and identified the key differences in morphological and morphometric attributes. Thirty L1 of each species from naturally infected muskox were heat-killed and then assessed for morphological and morphometric features that could be used for species-level differentiation. Key differentiating features include: length and morphology of the tail extension, curvature of the body, ventral post-anal transverse cuticular striations, and total body length. A laboratory guide for differentiation of L1 based on these species-specific characters was prepared and used by an experienced observer to identify an additional 35 L1 extracted from a different set of fecal samples from free-ranging muskoxen with mixed infections. The identities of these L1 were confirmed by sequence analysis of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Accuracy of morphological identification was 100 percent, reflecting the reliability of the proposed guide for differentiation. Using the guide, three minimally trained lab assistants each fixed and accurately identified 10 of 10 randomly selected L1. Ability to morphologically differentiate these facilitates the monitoring of overlapping range expansion of both parasites in the Canadian Arctic. Studies enabling species-level parasite identification are also critical for defining biodiversity, detecting mixed infections, and understanding host–parasite interactions. Morphological identification is a simple, reliable and cost-effective alternative to labor and equipment intensive molecular methods and can easily be performed in low resource settings. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic muskox ovibos moschatus Subarctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 4 3 283 290 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic parasitology Diagnostic parasitology Morphology and morphometry Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis Varestrongylus eleguneniensis Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic parasitology Diagnostic parasitology Morphology and morphometry Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis Varestrongylus eleguneniensis Zoology QL1-991 Pratap Kafle Manigandan Lejeune Guilherme G. Verocai Eric P. Hoberg Susan J. Kutz Morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the central Canadian Arctic |
topic_facet |
Arctic parasitology Diagnostic parasitology Morphology and morphometry Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis Varestrongylus eleguneniensis Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis and Varestrongylus eleguneniensis are the two most common protostrongylid nematodes infecting muskoxen in the North American Arctic and Subarctic. First stage larvae (L1) of these lungworms have considerable morphological similarity that makes their differential diagnosis very difficult. Using light microscopy, we studied in detail the L1 of these two species and identified the key differences in morphological and morphometric attributes. Thirty L1 of each species from naturally infected muskox were heat-killed and then assessed for morphological and morphometric features that could be used for species-level differentiation. Key differentiating features include: length and morphology of the tail extension, curvature of the body, ventral post-anal transverse cuticular striations, and total body length. A laboratory guide for differentiation of L1 based on these species-specific characters was prepared and used by an experienced observer to identify an additional 35 L1 extracted from a different set of fecal samples from free-ranging muskoxen with mixed infections. The identities of these L1 were confirmed by sequence analysis of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Accuracy of morphological identification was 100 percent, reflecting the reliability of the proposed guide for differentiation. Using the guide, three minimally trained lab assistants each fixed and accurately identified 10 of 10 randomly selected L1. Ability to morphologically differentiate these facilitates the monitoring of overlapping range expansion of both parasites in the Canadian Arctic. Studies enabling species-level parasite identification are also critical for defining biodiversity, detecting mixed infections, and understanding host–parasite interactions. Morphological identification is a simple, reliable and cost-effective alternative to labor and equipment intensive molecular methods and can easily be performed in low resource settings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pratap Kafle Manigandan Lejeune Guilherme G. Verocai Eric P. Hoberg Susan J. Kutz |
author_facet |
Pratap Kafle Manigandan Lejeune Guilherme G. Verocai Eric P. Hoberg Susan J. Kutz |
author_sort |
Pratap Kafle |
title |
Morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the central Canadian Arctic |
title_short |
Morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the central Canadian Arctic |
title_full |
Morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the central Canadian Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the central Canadian Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the central Canadian Arctic |
title_sort |
morphological and morphometric differentiation of dorsal-spined first stage larvae of lungworms (nematoda: protostrongylidae) infecting muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) in the central canadian arctic |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.05.003 https://doaj.org/article/474e5b1dc1d54aa08f9f2234dbe2f1c7 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic muskox ovibos moschatus Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic muskox ovibos moschatus Subarctic |
op_source |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 283-290 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224415000267 https://doaj.org/toc/2213-2244 2213-2244 doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.05.003 https://doaj.org/article/474e5b1dc1d54aa08f9f2234dbe2f1c7 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.05.003 |
container_title |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
283 |
op_container_end_page |
290 |
_version_ |
1766324482288386048 |