Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution
We systematically investigate the effects of Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (hereafter WBF) on black carbon (BC) scavenging efficiency, surface BC air , deposition flux, concentration in snow (BC snow , ng g −1 ), and washout ratio using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). We diff...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4718e78d49054a2b8018963e478cb449 2023-05-15T12:59:51+02:00 Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution L. Qi Q. Li C. He X. Wang J. Huang 2017-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 https://doaj.org/article/4718e78d49054a2b8018963e478cb449 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/7459/2017/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/4718e78d49054a2b8018963e478cb449 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 17, Pp 7459-7479 (2017) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 2022-12-31T12:41:52Z We systematically investigate the effects of Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (hereafter WBF) on black carbon (BC) scavenging efficiency, surface BC air , deposition flux, concentration in snow (BC snow , ng g −1 ), and washout ratio using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). We differentiate riming- versus WBF-dominated in-cloud scavenging based on liquid water content (LWC) and temperature. Specifically, we implement an implied WBF parameterization using either temperature or ice mass fraction (IMF) in mixed-phase clouds based on field measurements. We find that at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, and Abisko, Sweden, where WBF dominates in-cloud scavenging, including the WBF effect strongly reduces the discrepancies of simulated BC scavenging efficiency and washout ratio against observations (from a factor of 3 to 10 % and from a factor of 4–5 to a factor of 2). However, at Zeppelin, Norway, where riming dominates, simulation of BC scavenging efficiency, BC air , and washout ratio become worse (relative to observations) when WBF is included. There is thus an urgent need for extensive observations to distinguish and characterize riming- versus WBF-dominated aerosol scavenging in mixed-phase clouds and the associated BC scavenging efficiency. Our model results show that including the WBF effect lowers global BC scavenging efficiency, with a higher reduction at higher latitudes (8 % in the tropics and up to 76 % in the Arctic). The resulting annual mean BC air increases by up to 156 % at high altitudes and at northern high latitudes because of lower temperature and higher IMF. Overall, WBF halves the model–observation discrepancy (from −65 to −30 %) of BC air across North America, Europe, China and the Arctic. Globally WBF increases BC burden from 0.22 to 0.29–0.35 mg m −2 yr −1 , which partially explains the gap between observed and previous model-simulated BC burdens over land. In addition, WBF significantly increases BC lifetime from 5.7 to ∼ 8 days. Additionally, WBF results in a significant ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Abisko Arctic black carbon Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Abisko ENVELOPE(18.829,18.829,68.349,68.349) Arctic Norway Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17 12 7459 7479 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 L. Qi Q. Li C. He X. Wang J. Huang Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
We systematically investigate the effects of Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (hereafter WBF) on black carbon (BC) scavenging efficiency, surface BC air , deposition flux, concentration in snow (BC snow , ng g −1 ), and washout ratio using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). We differentiate riming- versus WBF-dominated in-cloud scavenging based on liquid water content (LWC) and temperature. Specifically, we implement an implied WBF parameterization using either temperature or ice mass fraction (IMF) in mixed-phase clouds based on field measurements. We find that at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, and Abisko, Sweden, where WBF dominates in-cloud scavenging, including the WBF effect strongly reduces the discrepancies of simulated BC scavenging efficiency and washout ratio against observations (from a factor of 3 to 10 % and from a factor of 4–5 to a factor of 2). However, at Zeppelin, Norway, where riming dominates, simulation of BC scavenging efficiency, BC air , and washout ratio become worse (relative to observations) when WBF is included. There is thus an urgent need for extensive observations to distinguish and characterize riming- versus WBF-dominated aerosol scavenging in mixed-phase clouds and the associated BC scavenging efficiency. Our model results show that including the WBF effect lowers global BC scavenging efficiency, with a higher reduction at higher latitudes (8 % in the tropics and up to 76 % in the Arctic). The resulting annual mean BC air increases by up to 156 % at high altitudes and at northern high latitudes because of lower temperature and higher IMF. Overall, WBF halves the model–observation discrepancy (from −65 to −30 %) of BC air across North America, Europe, China and the Arctic. Globally WBF increases BC burden from 0.22 to 0.29–0.35 mg m −2 yr −1 , which partially explains the gap between observed and previous model-simulated BC burdens over land. In addition, WBF significantly increases BC lifetime from 5.7 to ∼ 8 days. Additionally, WBF results in a significant ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
L. Qi Q. Li C. He X. Wang J. Huang |
author_facet |
L. Qi Q. Li C. He X. Wang J. Huang |
author_sort |
L. Qi |
title |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_short |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_full |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_fullStr |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
title_sort |
effects of the wegener–bergeron–findeisen process on global black carbon distribution |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 https://doaj.org/article/4718e78d49054a2b8018963e478cb449 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(18.829,18.829,68.349,68.349) |
geographic |
Abisko Arctic Norway |
geographic_facet |
Abisko Arctic Norway |
genre |
Abisko Arctic black carbon |
genre_facet |
Abisko Arctic black carbon |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 17, Pp 7459-7479 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/7459/2017/acp-17-7459-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/4718e78d49054a2b8018963e478cb449 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7459-2017 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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17 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
7459 |
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7479 |
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