Year-Round Dive Characteristics of Male Beluga Whales From the Eastern Beaufort Sea Population Indicate Seasonal Shifts in Foraging Strategies
Dive behavior represents multiple ecological functions for marine mammals, but our understanding of dive characteristics is typically limited by the resolution or longevity of tagging studies. Knowledge on the time-depth structures of dives can provide insight into the behaviors represented by verti...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.715412 https://doaj.org/article/46f3da2ece46481694185d64e4acd7c7 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:46f3da2ece46481694185d64e4acd7c7 2023-05-15T14:28:59+02:00 Year-Round Dive Characteristics of Male Beluga Whales From the Eastern Beaufort Sea Population Indicate Seasonal Shifts in Foraging Strategies Luke Storrie Nigel E. Hussey Shannon A. MacPhee Greg O’Corry-Crowe John Iacozza David G. Barber Alex Nunes Lisa L. Loseto 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.715412 https://doaj.org/article/46f3da2ece46481694185d64e4acd7c7 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.715412/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.715412 https://doaj.org/article/46f3da2ece46481694185d64e4acd7c7 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2022) Beaufort Sea biologging dive classification energetics foraging beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.715412 2022-12-31T12:41:21Z Dive behavior represents multiple ecological functions for marine mammals, but our understanding of dive characteristics is typically limited by the resolution or longevity of tagging studies. Knowledge on the time-depth structures of dives can provide insight into the behaviors represented by vertical movements; furthering our understanding of the ecological importance of habitats occupied, seasonal shifts in activity, and the energetic consequences of targeting prey at a given depth. Given our incomplete understanding of Eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) beluga whale behavior over an annual cycle, we aimed to characterize dives made by belugas, with a focus on analyzing shifts in foraging strategies. Objectives were to (i) characterize and classify the range of beluga-specific dive types over an annual cycle, (ii) propose dive functions based on optimal foraging theory, physiology, and association with environmental variables, and (iii) identify whether belugas undergo seasonal shifts in the frequency of dives associated with variable foraging strategies. Satellite-linked time-depth-recorders (TDRs) were attached to 13 male belugas from the EBS population in 2018 and 2019, and depth data were collected in time series at a 75 s sampling interval. Tags collected data for between 13 and 357 days, including three tags which collected data across all months. A total of 90,211 dives were identified and characterized by twelve time and depth metrics and classified into eight dive types using a Gaussian mixed modeling and hierarchical clustering analysis approach. Dive structures identify various seasonal behaviors and indicate year-round foraging. Shallower and more frequent diving during winter in the Bering Sea indicate foraging may be energetically cheaper, but less rewarding than deeper diving during summer in the Beaufort Sea and Arctic Archipelago, which frequently exceeded the aerobic dive limit previously calculated for this population. Structure, frequency and association with environmental variables supports the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Beluga Beluga whale Beluga* Bering Sea Delphinapterus leucas Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Bering Sea Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Beaufort Sea biologging dive classification energetics foraging beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
Beaufort Sea biologging dive classification energetics foraging beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Luke Storrie Nigel E. Hussey Shannon A. MacPhee Greg O’Corry-Crowe John Iacozza David G. Barber Alex Nunes Lisa L. Loseto Year-Round Dive Characteristics of Male Beluga Whales From the Eastern Beaufort Sea Population Indicate Seasonal Shifts in Foraging Strategies |
topic_facet |
Beaufort Sea biologging dive classification energetics foraging beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Dive behavior represents multiple ecological functions for marine mammals, but our understanding of dive characteristics is typically limited by the resolution or longevity of tagging studies. Knowledge on the time-depth structures of dives can provide insight into the behaviors represented by vertical movements; furthering our understanding of the ecological importance of habitats occupied, seasonal shifts in activity, and the energetic consequences of targeting prey at a given depth. Given our incomplete understanding of Eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) beluga whale behavior over an annual cycle, we aimed to characterize dives made by belugas, with a focus on analyzing shifts in foraging strategies. Objectives were to (i) characterize and classify the range of beluga-specific dive types over an annual cycle, (ii) propose dive functions based on optimal foraging theory, physiology, and association with environmental variables, and (iii) identify whether belugas undergo seasonal shifts in the frequency of dives associated with variable foraging strategies. Satellite-linked time-depth-recorders (TDRs) were attached to 13 male belugas from the EBS population in 2018 and 2019, and depth data were collected in time series at a 75 s sampling interval. Tags collected data for between 13 and 357 days, including three tags which collected data across all months. A total of 90,211 dives were identified and characterized by twelve time and depth metrics and classified into eight dive types using a Gaussian mixed modeling and hierarchical clustering analysis approach. Dive structures identify various seasonal behaviors and indicate year-round foraging. Shallower and more frequent diving during winter in the Bering Sea indicate foraging may be energetically cheaper, but less rewarding than deeper diving during summer in the Beaufort Sea and Arctic Archipelago, which frequently exceeded the aerobic dive limit previously calculated for this population. Structure, frequency and association with environmental variables supports the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Luke Storrie Nigel E. Hussey Shannon A. MacPhee Greg O’Corry-Crowe John Iacozza David G. Barber Alex Nunes Lisa L. Loseto |
author_facet |
Luke Storrie Nigel E. Hussey Shannon A. MacPhee Greg O’Corry-Crowe John Iacozza David G. Barber Alex Nunes Lisa L. Loseto |
author_sort |
Luke Storrie |
title |
Year-Round Dive Characteristics of Male Beluga Whales From the Eastern Beaufort Sea Population Indicate Seasonal Shifts in Foraging Strategies |
title_short |
Year-Round Dive Characteristics of Male Beluga Whales From the Eastern Beaufort Sea Population Indicate Seasonal Shifts in Foraging Strategies |
title_full |
Year-Round Dive Characteristics of Male Beluga Whales From the Eastern Beaufort Sea Population Indicate Seasonal Shifts in Foraging Strategies |
title_fullStr |
Year-Round Dive Characteristics of Male Beluga Whales From the Eastern Beaufort Sea Population Indicate Seasonal Shifts in Foraging Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Year-Round Dive Characteristics of Male Beluga Whales From the Eastern Beaufort Sea Population Indicate Seasonal Shifts in Foraging Strategies |
title_sort |
year-round dive characteristics of male beluga whales from the eastern beaufort sea population indicate seasonal shifts in foraging strategies |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.715412 https://doaj.org/article/46f3da2ece46481694185d64e4acd7c7 |
geographic |
Arctic Bering Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea |
genre |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Beluga Beluga whale Beluga* Bering Sea Delphinapterus leucas |
genre_facet |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Beaufort Sea Beluga Beluga whale Beluga* Bering Sea Delphinapterus leucas |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.715412/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.715412 https://doaj.org/article/46f3da2ece46481694185d64e4acd7c7 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.715412 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1766303090198183936 |