Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).
Intestinal inflammation, caused by impaired intestinal homeostasis, is a serious condition in both animals and humans. The use of conventional extracted soybean meal (SBM) in diets for Atlantic salmon and several other fish species is known to induce enteropathy in the distal intestine, a condition...
Published in: | PLoS ONE |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083213 https://doaj.org/article/452e11bd954b403da06dd160dd7612cf |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:452e11bd954b403da06dd160dd7612cf |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:452e11bd954b403da06dd160dd7612cf 2023-05-15T15:31:16+02:00 Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fabian Grammes Felipe Eduardo Reveco Odd Helge Romarheim Thor Landsverk Liv Torunn Mydland Margareth Øverland 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083213 https://doaj.org/article/452e11bd954b403da06dd160dd7612cf EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3873917?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083213 https://doaj.org/article/452e11bd954b403da06dd160dd7612cf PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e83213 (2013) Medicine R Science Q article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083213 2022-12-31T11:32:52Z Intestinal inflammation, caused by impaired intestinal homeostasis, is a serious condition in both animals and humans. The use of conventional extracted soybean meal (SBM) in diets for Atlantic salmon and several other fish species is known to induce enteropathy in the distal intestine, a condition often referred to as SBM induced enteropathy (SBMIE). In the present study, we investigated the potential of different microbial ingredients to alleviate SBMIE in Atlantic salmon, as a model of feed-induced inflammation. The dietary treatments consisted of a negative control based on fish meal (FM), a positive control based on 20% SBM, and four experimental diets combining 20% SBM with either one of the three yeasts Candida utilis (CU), Kluyveromyces marxianus (KM), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) or the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (CV). Histopathological examination of the distal intestine showed that all fish fed the SC or SBM diets developed characteristic signs of SBMIE, while those fed the FM, CV or CU diets showed a healthy intestine. Fish fed the KM diet showed intermediate signs of SBMIE. Corroborating results were obtained when measuring the relative length of PCNA positive cells in the crypts of the distal intestine. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed decreased expression of amino acid, fat and drug metabolism pathways as well as increased expression of the pathways for NOD-like receptor signalling and chemokine signalling in both the SC and SBM groups while CV and CU were similar to FM and KM was intermediate. Gene expression of antimicrobial peptides was reduced in the groups showing SBMIE. The characterisation of microbial communities using PCR-DGGE showed a relative increased abundance of Firmicutes bacteria in fish fed the SC or SBM diets. Overall, our results show that both CU and CV were highly effective to counteract SBMIE, while KM had less effect and SC had no functional effects. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLoS ONE 8 12 e83213 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Fabian Grammes Felipe Eduardo Reveco Odd Helge Romarheim Thor Landsverk Liv Torunn Mydland Margareth Øverland Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Intestinal inflammation, caused by impaired intestinal homeostasis, is a serious condition in both animals and humans. The use of conventional extracted soybean meal (SBM) in diets for Atlantic salmon and several other fish species is known to induce enteropathy in the distal intestine, a condition often referred to as SBM induced enteropathy (SBMIE). In the present study, we investigated the potential of different microbial ingredients to alleviate SBMIE in Atlantic salmon, as a model of feed-induced inflammation. The dietary treatments consisted of a negative control based on fish meal (FM), a positive control based on 20% SBM, and four experimental diets combining 20% SBM with either one of the three yeasts Candida utilis (CU), Kluyveromyces marxianus (KM), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) or the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (CV). Histopathological examination of the distal intestine showed that all fish fed the SC or SBM diets developed characteristic signs of SBMIE, while those fed the FM, CV or CU diets showed a healthy intestine. Fish fed the KM diet showed intermediate signs of SBMIE. Corroborating results were obtained when measuring the relative length of PCNA positive cells in the crypts of the distal intestine. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed decreased expression of amino acid, fat and drug metabolism pathways as well as increased expression of the pathways for NOD-like receptor signalling and chemokine signalling in both the SC and SBM groups while CV and CU were similar to FM and KM was intermediate. Gene expression of antimicrobial peptides was reduced in the groups showing SBMIE. The characterisation of microbial communities using PCR-DGGE showed a relative increased abundance of Firmicutes bacteria in fish fed the SC or SBM diets. Overall, our results show that both CU and CV were highly effective to counteract SBMIE, while KM had less effect and SC had no functional effects. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fabian Grammes Felipe Eduardo Reveco Odd Helge Romarheim Thor Landsverk Liv Torunn Mydland Margareth Øverland |
author_facet |
Fabian Grammes Felipe Eduardo Reveco Odd Helge Romarheim Thor Landsverk Liv Torunn Mydland Margareth Øverland |
author_sort |
Fabian Grammes |
title |
Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). |
title_short |
Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). |
title_full |
Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). |
title_fullStr |
Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). |
title_full_unstemmed |
Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). |
title_sort |
candida utilis and chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083213 https://doaj.org/article/452e11bd954b403da06dd160dd7612cf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e83213 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3873917?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083213 https://doaj.org/article/452e11bd954b403da06dd160dd7612cf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083213 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
e83213 |
_version_ |
1766361765816303616 |