The evolutionary host switches of Polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite
Abstract Background The majority of Haemosporida species infect birds or reptiles, but many important genera, including Plasmodium , infect mammals. Dipteran vectors shared by avian, reptilian and mammalian Haemosporida, suggest multiple invasions of Mammalia during haemosporidian evolution; yet, ph...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4526759013f944c3bbf5995ba727630c 2023-05-15T15:13:14+02:00 The evolutionary host switches of Polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite Witsenburg Fardo Salamin Nicolas Christe Philippe 2012-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-53 https://doaj.org/article/4526759013f944c3bbf5995ba727630c EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/53 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-53 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/4526759013f944c3bbf5995ba727630c Malaria Journal, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 53 (2012) Polychromophilus Malaria Haemosporida Chiroptera Plasmodium Host switch Phylogenetic analysis Outgroup selection Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-53 2022-12-31T08:10:40Z Abstract Background The majority of Haemosporida species infect birds or reptiles, but many important genera, including Plasmodium , infect mammals. Dipteran vectors shared by avian, reptilian and mammalian Haemosporida, suggest multiple invasions of Mammalia during haemosporidian evolution; yet, phylogenetic analyses have detected only a single invasion event. Until now, several important mammal-infecting genera have been absent in these analyses. This study focuses on the evolutionary origin of Polychromophilus , a unique malaria genus that only infects bats (Microchiroptera) and is transmitted by bat flies (Nycteribiidae). Methods Two species of Polychromophilus were obtained from wild bats caught in Switzerland. These were molecularly characterized using four genes ( asl, clpc, coI, cytb ) from the three different genomes (nucleus, apicoplast, mitochondrion). These data were then combined with data of 60 taxa of Haemosporida available in GenBank. Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and a range of rooting methods were used to test specific hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic relationships between Polychromophilus and the other haemosporidian genera. Results The Polychromophilus melanipherus and Polychromophilus murinus samples show genetically distinct patterns and group according to species. The Bayesian tree topology suggests that the monophyletic clade of Polychromophilus falls within the avian/saurian clade of Plasmodium and directed hypothesis testing confirms the Plasmodium origin. Conclusion Polychromophilus ' ancestor was most likely a bird- or reptile-infecting Plasmodium before it switched to bats. The invasion of mammals as hosts has, therefore, not been a unique event in the evolutionary history of Haemosporida, despite the suspected costs of adapting to a new host. This was, moreover, accompanied by a switch in dipteran host. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 11 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Polychromophilus Malaria Haemosporida Chiroptera Plasmodium Host switch Phylogenetic analysis Outgroup selection Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Polychromophilus Malaria Haemosporida Chiroptera Plasmodium Host switch Phylogenetic analysis Outgroup selection Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Witsenburg Fardo Salamin Nicolas Christe Philippe The evolutionary host switches of Polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite |
topic_facet |
Polychromophilus Malaria Haemosporida Chiroptera Plasmodium Host switch Phylogenetic analysis Outgroup selection Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background The majority of Haemosporida species infect birds or reptiles, but many important genera, including Plasmodium , infect mammals. Dipteran vectors shared by avian, reptilian and mammalian Haemosporida, suggest multiple invasions of Mammalia during haemosporidian evolution; yet, phylogenetic analyses have detected only a single invasion event. Until now, several important mammal-infecting genera have been absent in these analyses. This study focuses on the evolutionary origin of Polychromophilus , a unique malaria genus that only infects bats (Microchiroptera) and is transmitted by bat flies (Nycteribiidae). Methods Two species of Polychromophilus were obtained from wild bats caught in Switzerland. These were molecularly characterized using four genes ( asl, clpc, coI, cytb ) from the three different genomes (nucleus, apicoplast, mitochondrion). These data were then combined with data of 60 taxa of Haemosporida available in GenBank. Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and a range of rooting methods were used to test specific hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic relationships between Polychromophilus and the other haemosporidian genera. Results The Polychromophilus melanipherus and Polychromophilus murinus samples show genetically distinct patterns and group according to species. The Bayesian tree topology suggests that the monophyletic clade of Polychromophilus falls within the avian/saurian clade of Plasmodium and directed hypothesis testing confirms the Plasmodium origin. Conclusion Polychromophilus ' ancestor was most likely a bird- or reptile-infecting Plasmodium before it switched to bats. The invasion of mammals as hosts has, therefore, not been a unique event in the evolutionary history of Haemosporida, despite the suspected costs of adapting to a new host. This was, moreover, accompanied by a switch in dipteran host. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Witsenburg Fardo Salamin Nicolas Christe Philippe |
author_facet |
Witsenburg Fardo Salamin Nicolas Christe Philippe |
author_sort |
Witsenburg Fardo |
title |
The evolutionary host switches of Polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite |
title_short |
The evolutionary host switches of Polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite |
title_full |
The evolutionary host switches of Polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite |
title_fullStr |
The evolutionary host switches of Polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite |
title_full_unstemmed |
The evolutionary host switches of Polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite |
title_sort |
evolutionary host switches of polychromophilus : a multi-gene phylogeny of the bat malaria genus suggests a second invasion of mammals by a haemosporidian parasite |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-53 https://doaj.org/article/4526759013f944c3bbf5995ba727630c |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 53 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/53 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-53 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/4526759013f944c3bbf5995ba727630c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-53 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
11 |
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1 |
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1766343819417092096 |