Assessment of the Impact of Pacific Inflow on Sea Surface Temperature Prior to the Freeze-Up Period over the Bering Sea
Warm water inflow from the Northeast Pacific has always been considered a crucial factor in early winter freeze-up in the Bering Sea. There is a strong correlation between changes in sea surface temperature (SST) on the eastern Bering Sea shelf and sea ice area in December. However, there is still l...
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2023
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010113 https://doaj.org/article/450fbae542bb4eeaa48430256e2d1331 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:450fbae542bb4eeaa48430256e2d1331 2024-02-11T10:02:32+01:00 Assessment of the Impact of Pacific Inflow on Sea Surface Temperature Prior to the Freeze-Up Period over the Bering Sea Weibo Wang Yu Wang Junpeng Zhang Chunsheng Jing Rui Ding 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010113 https://doaj.org/article/450fbae542bb4eeaa48430256e2d1331 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/113 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs16010113 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/450fbae542bb4eeaa48430256e2d1331 Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 113 (2023) Northeast Pacific inflow Bering Sea mixed-layer heat budget SST marine heatwave attribution Science Q article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010113 2024-01-14T01:38:50Z Warm water inflow from the Northeast Pacific has always been considered a crucial factor in early winter freeze-up in the Bering Sea. There is a strong correlation between changes in sea surface temperature (SST) on the eastern Bering Sea shelf and sea ice area in December. However, there is still limited research on the impact of Pacific inflow on SST on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, resulting in insufficient measurements of the impact of Pacific inflow on early freeze-up. In this article, the definition of marine heatwaves (MHW) is used to extract warm events (with a threshold of the 70th percentile) and cold events (with a threshold of the 30th percentile) from the eastern Bering Sea shelf in November. Self-organizing map (SOM) technology is utilized to classify extracted cold and warm events and the mixed-layer heat budget is ultimately used to explore the factors that generate and maintain these cold and warm events. Between 1993 and 2021, a total of 12 warm and 12 cold events are extracted and their cumulative intensity is found to be strongly correlated with the interannual variation in SST by 99.8%, indicating that these warm and cold events are capable of characterizing the interannual variation in SST. Among the 12 warm events, 9 of them can be attributed to abnormal warming of seawater before November and only 3 events are attributed to warm water inflow from the Northeast Pacific. During the development of warm events, there are only two events in which the warm inflow from the Northeast Pacific has a more profound regulatory effect on warm events in November. Moreover, both generation and regulatory factors of cold events are the net air–sea heat flux. Statistics indicate that the warm water inflow from the Northeast Pacific has a limited effect on SST on the eastern Bering Sea shelf during the early freeze-up period. Changes in local SST are more influenced by the residual heat before November and by local net air–sea heat flux. However, we highlight that long-term ocean heatwaves occurring in the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Bering Sea Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Bering Sea Pacific Remote Sensing 16 1 113 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Northeast Pacific inflow Bering Sea mixed-layer heat budget SST marine heatwave attribution Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Northeast Pacific inflow Bering Sea mixed-layer heat budget SST marine heatwave attribution Science Q Weibo Wang Yu Wang Junpeng Zhang Chunsheng Jing Rui Ding Assessment of the Impact of Pacific Inflow on Sea Surface Temperature Prior to the Freeze-Up Period over the Bering Sea |
topic_facet |
Northeast Pacific inflow Bering Sea mixed-layer heat budget SST marine heatwave attribution Science Q |
description |
Warm water inflow from the Northeast Pacific has always been considered a crucial factor in early winter freeze-up in the Bering Sea. There is a strong correlation between changes in sea surface temperature (SST) on the eastern Bering Sea shelf and sea ice area in December. However, there is still limited research on the impact of Pacific inflow on SST on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, resulting in insufficient measurements of the impact of Pacific inflow on early freeze-up. In this article, the definition of marine heatwaves (MHW) is used to extract warm events (with a threshold of the 70th percentile) and cold events (with a threshold of the 30th percentile) from the eastern Bering Sea shelf in November. Self-organizing map (SOM) technology is utilized to classify extracted cold and warm events and the mixed-layer heat budget is ultimately used to explore the factors that generate and maintain these cold and warm events. Between 1993 and 2021, a total of 12 warm and 12 cold events are extracted and their cumulative intensity is found to be strongly correlated with the interannual variation in SST by 99.8%, indicating that these warm and cold events are capable of characterizing the interannual variation in SST. Among the 12 warm events, 9 of them can be attributed to abnormal warming of seawater before November and only 3 events are attributed to warm water inflow from the Northeast Pacific. During the development of warm events, there are only two events in which the warm inflow from the Northeast Pacific has a more profound regulatory effect on warm events in November. Moreover, both generation and regulatory factors of cold events are the net air–sea heat flux. Statistics indicate that the warm water inflow from the Northeast Pacific has a limited effect on SST on the eastern Bering Sea shelf during the early freeze-up period. Changes in local SST are more influenced by the residual heat before November and by local net air–sea heat flux. However, we highlight that long-term ocean heatwaves occurring in the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Weibo Wang Yu Wang Junpeng Zhang Chunsheng Jing Rui Ding |
author_facet |
Weibo Wang Yu Wang Junpeng Zhang Chunsheng Jing Rui Ding |
author_sort |
Weibo Wang |
title |
Assessment of the Impact of Pacific Inflow on Sea Surface Temperature Prior to the Freeze-Up Period over the Bering Sea |
title_short |
Assessment of the Impact of Pacific Inflow on Sea Surface Temperature Prior to the Freeze-Up Period over the Bering Sea |
title_full |
Assessment of the Impact of Pacific Inflow on Sea Surface Temperature Prior to the Freeze-Up Period over the Bering Sea |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of the Impact of Pacific Inflow on Sea Surface Temperature Prior to the Freeze-Up Period over the Bering Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of the Impact of Pacific Inflow on Sea Surface Temperature Prior to the Freeze-Up Period over the Bering Sea |
title_sort |
assessment of the impact of pacific inflow on sea surface temperature prior to the freeze-up period over the bering sea |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010113 https://doaj.org/article/450fbae542bb4eeaa48430256e2d1331 |
geographic |
Bering Sea Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Bering Sea Pacific |
genre |
Bering Sea Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Bering Sea Sea ice |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 113 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/1/113 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs16010113 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/450fbae542bb4eeaa48430256e2d1331 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16010113 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
113 |
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1790598549849767936 |