Dynamics of Extreme Surface Winds Inside North Atlantic Midlatitude Cyclones

• Published in: Geophysical Research Letters
• Main Authors: Jun‐Hyeok Son, Christian L. E. Franzke, Seok‐Woo Son
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2024
• Subjects: storms; atmospheric dynamics; windspeed; extremes; fronts; Geophysics. Cosmic physics; QC801-809; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110330; https://doaj.org/article/44f75ee7623441dcb1a91dd858f7012c

Abstract North Atlantic midlatitude cyclones are among the most severe weather systems, causing enormous economic damages and threatening human lives. The cyclone is typically characterized by cyclonic convergent surface winds, strong updrafts, and precipitation. However, extreme surface winds are often observed within the cyclone where downdrafts develop. The present study investigates the dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics of the horizontal winds impinging on the cold frontal surface and the associated downdrafts. It is shown that the cyclonic winds into the cold frontal surface are mainly responsible for the downdrafts that transport the high‐altitude horizontal momentum to the surface and cause intense surface winds. About half of the North Atlantic midlatitude cyclones are accompanied by the downdrafts especially in the southern and western parts of the cyclone center.