Tracking Low-Frequency Variations in Land–Sea Water Mass Redistribution during the GRACE/GRACE-FO Era
Climate change has caused a widespread deduction in terrestrial water storage ( TWS ), leading to ocean water mass gains and sea level rises. A better understanding of how the land–sea water mass has been redistributed can help with the scientific response to climate change. However, there are few s...
Published in: | Remote Sensing |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174248 https://doaj.org/article/4297c6e54af148d09021c9a79ceace03 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4297c6e54af148d09021c9a79ceace03 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4297c6e54af148d09021c9a79ceace03 2023-10-09T21:54:10+02:00 Tracking Low-Frequency Variations in Land–Sea Water Mass Redistribution during the GRACE/GRACE-FO Era Shanshan Deng Zhenlong Jian Yuxin Liu Chushun Yi Yi Chen Wenxi Zhang 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174248 https://doaj.org/article/4297c6e54af148d09021c9a79ceace03 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4248 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs15174248 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/4297c6e54af148d09021c9a79ceace03 Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 4248, p 4248 (2023) land–sea water mass redistribution low-frequency variations GRACE GRACE-FO sea-level fingerprints ocean dynamics Science Q article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174248 2023-09-10T00:34:43Z Climate change has caused a widespread deduction in terrestrial water storage ( TWS ), leading to ocean water mass gains and sea level rises. A better understanding of how the land–sea water mass has been redistributed can help with the scientific response to climate change. However, there are few studies investigating the roles of the different physical processes involved in low-frequency land–sea water mass redistribution on a global scale. To address this issue, in this study, a comprehensive investigation was carried out with respect to the globally distributed key factors causing low-frequency ocean mass anomalies during the period 2004–2021. Global water mass redistribution data, derived from GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite gravity and surface wind and sea-surface temperature data from ERA5 reanalysis, were employed, and the empirical orthogonal function, maximum covariance analysis, and sea-level equation approaches were used. The results show that the long-term trend and decadal-like fluctuation are two major components of the low-frequency land–sea water mass redistribution. The wind-forcing dynamic processes significantly drive the anomalies near the North Indian Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, and some marginal seas, where variance explanations range from 30% to 97%. After removing the ocean dynamics, the residual ocean mass anomaly is mostly explained by sea-level fingerprints (SLFs), especially in the open ocean. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the SLF-explained variances in all ocean grids are 59%, 72%, and 82%, respectively. Some non-negligible noise, located in seismic zones, was also found, suggesting the misestimation of seafloor deformation resulting from earthquakes in the GRACE/GRACE-FO data processing. These findings may improve our understanding of the long-term anomalies in regional and global sea levels. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Indian Pacific Remote Sensing 15 17 4248 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
land–sea water mass redistribution low-frequency variations GRACE GRACE-FO sea-level fingerprints ocean dynamics Science Q |
spellingShingle |
land–sea water mass redistribution low-frequency variations GRACE GRACE-FO sea-level fingerprints ocean dynamics Science Q Shanshan Deng Zhenlong Jian Yuxin Liu Chushun Yi Yi Chen Wenxi Zhang Tracking Low-Frequency Variations in Land–Sea Water Mass Redistribution during the GRACE/GRACE-FO Era |
topic_facet |
land–sea water mass redistribution low-frequency variations GRACE GRACE-FO sea-level fingerprints ocean dynamics Science Q |
description |
Climate change has caused a widespread deduction in terrestrial water storage ( TWS ), leading to ocean water mass gains and sea level rises. A better understanding of how the land–sea water mass has been redistributed can help with the scientific response to climate change. However, there are few studies investigating the roles of the different physical processes involved in low-frequency land–sea water mass redistribution on a global scale. To address this issue, in this study, a comprehensive investigation was carried out with respect to the globally distributed key factors causing low-frequency ocean mass anomalies during the period 2004–2021. Global water mass redistribution data, derived from GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite gravity and surface wind and sea-surface temperature data from ERA5 reanalysis, were employed, and the empirical orthogonal function, maximum covariance analysis, and sea-level equation approaches were used. The results show that the long-term trend and decadal-like fluctuation are two major components of the low-frequency land–sea water mass redistribution. The wind-forcing dynamic processes significantly drive the anomalies near the North Indian Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, and some marginal seas, where variance explanations range from 30% to 97%. After removing the ocean dynamics, the residual ocean mass anomaly is mostly explained by sea-level fingerprints (SLFs), especially in the open ocean. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the SLF-explained variances in all ocean grids are 59%, 72%, and 82%, respectively. Some non-negligible noise, located in seismic zones, was also found, suggesting the misestimation of seafloor deformation resulting from earthquakes in the GRACE/GRACE-FO data processing. These findings may improve our understanding of the long-term anomalies in regional and global sea levels. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shanshan Deng Zhenlong Jian Yuxin Liu Chushun Yi Yi Chen Wenxi Zhang |
author_facet |
Shanshan Deng Zhenlong Jian Yuxin Liu Chushun Yi Yi Chen Wenxi Zhang |
author_sort |
Shanshan Deng |
title |
Tracking Low-Frequency Variations in Land–Sea Water Mass Redistribution during the GRACE/GRACE-FO Era |
title_short |
Tracking Low-Frequency Variations in Land–Sea Water Mass Redistribution during the GRACE/GRACE-FO Era |
title_full |
Tracking Low-Frequency Variations in Land–Sea Water Mass Redistribution during the GRACE/GRACE-FO Era |
title_fullStr |
Tracking Low-Frequency Variations in Land–Sea Water Mass Redistribution during the GRACE/GRACE-FO Era |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tracking Low-Frequency Variations in Land–Sea Water Mass Redistribution during the GRACE/GRACE-FO Era |
title_sort |
tracking low-frequency variations in land–sea water mass redistribution during the grace/grace-fo era |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174248 https://doaj.org/article/4297c6e54af148d09021c9a79ceace03 |
geographic |
Indian Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Indian Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 4248, p 4248 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/17/4248 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs15174248 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/4297c6e54af148d09021c9a79ceace03 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174248 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
4248 |
_version_ |
1779317651331350528 |