Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar
The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experimen...
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2023
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://doaj.org/article/42941f20c4ed4274ac2478f9a4a44dad |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:42941f20c4ed4274ac2478f9a4a44dad 2024-02-11T10:02:19+01:00 Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar Brandon L. Southall Ann N. Allen John Calambokidis Caroline Casey Stacy L. DeRuiter Selene Fregosi Ari S. Friedlaender Jeremy A. Goldbogen Catriona M. Harris Elliott L. Hazen Valentin Popov Alison K. Stimpert 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://doaj.org/article/42941f20c4ed4274ac2478f9a4a44dad EN eng The Royal Society https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://doaj.org/toc/2054-5703 doi:10.1098/rsos.231775 2054-5703 https://doaj.org/article/42941f20c4ed4274ac2478f9a4a44dad Royal Society Open Science, Vol 10, Iss 12 (2023) noise marine mammals mid-frequency sonar fin whales behaviour Science Q article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 2024-01-14T01:50:37Z The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experimental methods to provide the first experimentally controlled measurements of behavioural responses to military sonar and similar stimuli for a related endangered species, fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Analytical methods include: (i) principal component analysis paired with generalized additive mixed models; (ii) hidden Markov models; and (iii) structured expert elicitation using response severity metrics. These approaches provide complementary perspectives on the nature of potential changes within and across individuals. Behavioural changes were detected in five of 15 whales during controlled exposure experiments using mid-frequency active sonar or pseudorandom noise of similar frequency, duration and source and received level. No changes were detected during six control (no noise) sequences. Overall responses were more limited in occurrence, severity and duration than in blue whales and were less dependent upon contextual aspects of exposure and more contingent upon exposure received level. Quantifying the factors influencing marine mammal responses to sonar is critical in assessing and mitigating future impacts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Royal Society Open Science 10 12 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
noise marine mammals mid-frequency sonar fin whales behaviour Science Q |
spellingShingle |
noise marine mammals mid-frequency sonar fin whales behaviour Science Q Brandon L. Southall Ann N. Allen John Calambokidis Caroline Casey Stacy L. DeRuiter Selene Fregosi Ari S. Friedlaender Jeremy A. Goldbogen Catriona M. Harris Elliott L. Hazen Valentin Popov Alison K. Stimpert Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
topic_facet |
noise marine mammals mid-frequency sonar fin whales behaviour Science Q |
description |
The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experimental methods to provide the first experimentally controlled measurements of behavioural responses to military sonar and similar stimuli for a related endangered species, fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Analytical methods include: (i) principal component analysis paired with generalized additive mixed models; (ii) hidden Markov models; and (iii) structured expert elicitation using response severity metrics. These approaches provide complementary perspectives on the nature of potential changes within and across individuals. Behavioural changes were detected in five of 15 whales during controlled exposure experiments using mid-frequency active sonar or pseudorandom noise of similar frequency, duration and source and received level. No changes were detected during six control (no noise) sequences. Overall responses were more limited in occurrence, severity and duration than in blue whales and were less dependent upon contextual aspects of exposure and more contingent upon exposure received level. Quantifying the factors influencing marine mammal responses to sonar is critical in assessing and mitigating future impacts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Brandon L. Southall Ann N. Allen John Calambokidis Caroline Casey Stacy L. DeRuiter Selene Fregosi Ari S. Friedlaender Jeremy A. Goldbogen Catriona M. Harris Elliott L. Hazen Valentin Popov Alison K. Stimpert |
author_facet |
Brandon L. Southall Ann N. Allen John Calambokidis Caroline Casey Stacy L. DeRuiter Selene Fregosi Ari S. Friedlaender Jeremy A. Goldbogen Catriona M. Harris Elliott L. Hazen Valentin Popov Alison K. Stimpert |
author_sort |
Brandon L. Southall |
title |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_short |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_full |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_fullStr |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_sort |
behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://doaj.org/article/42941f20c4ed4274ac2478f9a4a44dad |
genre |
Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus |
genre_facet |
Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus |
op_source |
Royal Society Open Science, Vol 10, Iss 12 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231775 https://doaj.org/toc/2054-5703 doi:10.1098/rsos.231775 2054-5703 https://doaj.org/article/42941f20c4ed4274ac2478f9a4a44dad |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 |
container_title |
Royal Society Open Science |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
12 |
_version_ |
1790598252685426688 |