Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review
Abstract Background In Canada – a low endemicity country, vaccines for hepatitis A virus (HAV) are currently recommended to individuals at increased risk for infection or its complications. Applying these recommendations is difficult because the epidemiology of HAV infection is poorly defined, compl...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4245ec04bba94d97afc1615967566033 2023-05-15T16:17:05+02:00 Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review Gilca Vladimir De Serres Gaston Duval Bernard Pham Ba' Tricco Andrea C Ochnio Jan Scheifele David W 2005-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-56 https://doaj.org/article/4245ec04bba94d97afc1615967566033 EN eng BMC http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/5/56 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2334 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-56 1471-2334 https://doaj.org/article/4245ec04bba94d97afc1615967566033 BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 56 (2005) Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2005 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-56 2022-12-31T00:29:29Z Abstract Background In Canada – a low endemicity country, vaccines for hepatitis A virus (HAV) are currently recommended to individuals at increased risk for infection or its complications. Applying these recommendations is difficult because the epidemiology of HAV infection is poorly defined, complex, and changing. This systematic review aimed to 1) estimate age-specific prevalence of HAV antibody in Canada and 2) evaluate infection-associated risk factors. Methods MEDLINE (1966–2005) and EMBASE (1980–2005) were searched to identify relevant studies for the systematic review. Archives for the Canada Diseases Weekly Report (1975–1991) and Canada Communicable Disease Report (1992–2005) were searched for relevant public health reports. Data were abstracted for study and participants' characteristics, age-specific prevalence, and risk factors. Results A total of 36 reports describing 34 unique studies were included. The seroprevalence in Canadian-born children was approximately 1% in ages 8–13, 1–6% in 20–24, 10% in 25–29, 17% in 30–39, and increased subsequently. In age groups below 20 and 20–29, age-specific seroprevalence generally remained constant for studies conducted across geographic areas and over time. Compared to Canadian-born individuals, subjects born outside Canada were approximately 6 times more likely to be seropositive (relative risk: 5.7 [95% CI 3.6, 9.0]). Travel to high risk areas in individuals aged 20–39 was associated with a significant increase in anti-HAV seropositivity (RR 2.8 [1.4, 5.5]). Compared to heterosexuals, men having sex with men were only at a marginally higher risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.4 [0.9, 6.1]). High risk for seropositivity was also observed for Canadian First Nations and Inuit populations. Conclusion Results from the current systematic review show that in this low endemicity country, disease acquisition occurs in adulthood rather than childhood. The burden of disease is high; approximately 1 in 10 Canadians had been infected by ages 24–29. The increase in prevalence in ... Article in Journal/Newspaper First Nations inuit Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Canada BMC Infectious Diseases 5 1 |
institution |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Gilca Vladimir De Serres Gaston Duval Bernard Pham Ba' Tricco Andrea C Ochnio Jan Scheifele David W Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review |
topic_facet |
Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background In Canada – a low endemicity country, vaccines for hepatitis A virus (HAV) are currently recommended to individuals at increased risk for infection or its complications. Applying these recommendations is difficult because the epidemiology of HAV infection is poorly defined, complex, and changing. This systematic review aimed to 1) estimate age-specific prevalence of HAV antibody in Canada and 2) evaluate infection-associated risk factors. Methods MEDLINE (1966–2005) and EMBASE (1980–2005) were searched to identify relevant studies for the systematic review. Archives for the Canada Diseases Weekly Report (1975–1991) and Canada Communicable Disease Report (1992–2005) were searched for relevant public health reports. Data were abstracted for study and participants' characteristics, age-specific prevalence, and risk factors. Results A total of 36 reports describing 34 unique studies were included. The seroprevalence in Canadian-born children was approximately 1% in ages 8–13, 1–6% in 20–24, 10% in 25–29, 17% in 30–39, and increased subsequently. In age groups below 20 and 20–29, age-specific seroprevalence generally remained constant for studies conducted across geographic areas and over time. Compared to Canadian-born individuals, subjects born outside Canada were approximately 6 times more likely to be seropositive (relative risk: 5.7 [95% CI 3.6, 9.0]). Travel to high risk areas in individuals aged 20–39 was associated with a significant increase in anti-HAV seropositivity (RR 2.8 [1.4, 5.5]). Compared to heterosexuals, men having sex with men were only at a marginally higher risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.4 [0.9, 6.1]). High risk for seropositivity was also observed for Canadian First Nations and Inuit populations. Conclusion Results from the current systematic review show that in this low endemicity country, disease acquisition occurs in adulthood rather than childhood. The burden of disease is high; approximately 1 in 10 Canadians had been infected by ages 24–29. The increase in prevalence in ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gilca Vladimir De Serres Gaston Duval Bernard Pham Ba' Tricco Andrea C Ochnio Jan Scheifele David W |
author_facet |
Gilca Vladimir De Serres Gaston Duval Bernard Pham Ba' Tricco Andrea C Ochnio Jan Scheifele David W |
author_sort |
Gilca Vladimir |
title |
Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review |
title_short |
Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review |
title_full |
Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review |
title_fullStr |
Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review |
title_sort |
seroprevalence of hepatitis a infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-56 https://doaj.org/article/4245ec04bba94d97afc1615967566033 |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
First Nations inuit |
genre_facet |
First Nations inuit |
op_source |
BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 56 (2005) |
op_relation |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/5/56 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2334 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-56 1471-2334 https://doaj.org/article/4245ec04bba94d97afc1615967566033 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-56 |
container_title |
BMC Infectious Diseases |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766002935561453568 |