Pestivirus Infections in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ): A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Serological Study in Finnmark County, Norway

• Published in: Viruses
• Main Authors: Carlos G. das Neves, Jonas Johansson Wensman, Ingebjørg Helena Nymo, Eystein Skjerve, Stefan Alenius, Morten Tryland
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019
• Subjects: bvdv; epidemiology; reindeer; border disease virus; norway; Microbiology; QR1-502; Norway; Finnmark; Rangifer tarandus; Tundra
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010029; https://doaj.org/article/42322e6e6f824c14b15b17b687e2580b

Members of the Pestivirus genus (family Flaviviridae ) cause severe and economically important diseases in livestock. Serological studies have revealed the presence of pestiviruses in different cervid species, including wild and semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer. In this retrospective study, serum samples collected between 2006 and 2008 from 3339 semi-domesticated Eurasian reindeer from Finnmark County, Norway, were tested for anti-pestivirus antibodies using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a subset of these by virus neutralization test (VNT). A seroprevalence of 12.5% was found, varying from 0% to 45% among different herding districts, and 20% in western Finnmark, as compared to 1.7% in eastern Finnmark. Seroprevalence increased with age. Pestivirus-specific RNA was not detected in any of the 225 serum samples tested by real-time RT-PCR. Based on VNT results, using a panel of one bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain and two border disease virus (BDV) strains, the virus is most likely a reindeer-specific pestivirus closely related to BDV. A characterization of the causative virus and its pathogenic impact on reindeer populations, as well as its potential to infect other domestic and wild ruminants, should be further investigated.