Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models
This is the first study to encompass a wide range of coupled snow evolution and microwave emission models in a common modelling framework in order to generalise the link between snowpack microstructure predicted by the snow evolution models and microstructure required to reproduce observations of br...
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Copernicus Publications
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:420d77fa4b1b40d4bcffe6e9902869da 2023-05-15T15:16:00+02:00 Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models M. Sandells R. Essery N. Rutter L. Wake L. Leppänen J. Lemmetyinen 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-229-2017 https://doaj.org/article/420d77fa4b1b40d4bcffe6e9902869da EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/229/2017/tc-11-229-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-11-229-2017 https://doaj.org/article/420d77fa4b1b40d4bcffe6e9902869da The Cryosphere, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 229-246 (2017) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-229-2017 2022-12-31T15:24:29Z This is the first study to encompass a wide range of coupled snow evolution and microwave emission models in a common modelling framework in order to generalise the link between snowpack microstructure predicted by the snow evolution models and microstructure required to reproduce observations of brightness temperature as simulated by snow emission models. Brightness temperatures at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz were simulated by 1323 ensemble members, formed from 63 Jules Investigation Model snowpack simulations, three microstructure evolution functions, and seven microwave emission model configurations. Two years of meteorological data from the Sodankylä Arctic Research Centre, Finland, were used to drive the model over the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 winter periods. Comparisons between simulated snow grain diameters and field measurements with an IceCube instrument showed that the evolution functions from SNTHERM simulated snow grain diameters that were too large (mean error 0.12 to 0.16 mm), whereas MOSES and SNICAR microstructure evolution functions simulated grain diameters that were too small (mean error −0.16 to −0.24 mm for MOSES and −0.14 to −0.18 mm for SNICAR). No model (HUT, MEMLS, or DMRT-ML) provided a consistently good fit across all frequencies and polarisations. The smallest absolute values of mean bias in brightness temperature over a season for a particular frequency and polarisation ranged from 0.7 to 6.9 K. Optimal scaling factors for the snow microstructure were presented to compare compatibility between snowpack model microstructure and emission model microstructure. Scale factors ranged between 0.3 for the SNTHERM–empirical MEMLS model combination (2011–2012) and 3.3 for DMRT-ML in conjunction with MOSES microstructure (2012–2013). Differences in scale factors between microstructure models were generally greater than the differences between microwave emission models, suggesting that more accurate simulations in coupled snowpack–microwave model systems will be achieved primarily through improvements in ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Sodankylä The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Sodankylä ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) Moses ENVELOPE(-99.183,-99.183,-74.550,-74.550) Jules ENVELOPE(140.917,140.917,-66.742,-66.742) The Cryosphere 11 1 229 246 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 M. Sandells R. Essery N. Rutter L. Wake L. Leppänen J. Lemmetyinen Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
This is the first study to encompass a wide range of coupled snow evolution and microwave emission models in a common modelling framework in order to generalise the link between snowpack microstructure predicted by the snow evolution models and microstructure required to reproduce observations of brightness temperature as simulated by snow emission models. Brightness temperatures at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz were simulated by 1323 ensemble members, formed from 63 Jules Investigation Model snowpack simulations, three microstructure evolution functions, and seven microwave emission model configurations. Two years of meteorological data from the Sodankylä Arctic Research Centre, Finland, were used to drive the model over the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 winter periods. Comparisons between simulated snow grain diameters and field measurements with an IceCube instrument showed that the evolution functions from SNTHERM simulated snow grain diameters that were too large (mean error 0.12 to 0.16 mm), whereas MOSES and SNICAR microstructure evolution functions simulated grain diameters that were too small (mean error −0.16 to −0.24 mm for MOSES and −0.14 to −0.18 mm for SNICAR). No model (HUT, MEMLS, or DMRT-ML) provided a consistently good fit across all frequencies and polarisations. The smallest absolute values of mean bias in brightness temperature over a season for a particular frequency and polarisation ranged from 0.7 to 6.9 K. Optimal scaling factors for the snow microstructure were presented to compare compatibility between snowpack model microstructure and emission model microstructure. Scale factors ranged between 0.3 for the SNTHERM–empirical MEMLS model combination (2011–2012) and 3.3 for DMRT-ML in conjunction with MOSES microstructure (2012–2013). Differences in scale factors between microstructure models were generally greater than the differences between microwave emission models, suggesting that more accurate simulations in coupled snowpack–microwave model systems will be achieved primarily through improvements in ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. Sandells R. Essery N. Rutter L. Wake L. Leppänen J. Lemmetyinen |
author_facet |
M. Sandells R. Essery N. Rutter L. Wake L. Leppänen J. Lemmetyinen |
author_sort |
M. Sandells |
title |
Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models |
title_short |
Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models |
title_full |
Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models |
title_fullStr |
Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models |
title_sort |
microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-229-2017 https://doaj.org/article/420d77fa4b1b40d4bcffe6e9902869da |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) ENVELOPE(-99.183,-99.183,-74.550,-74.550) ENVELOPE(140.917,140.917,-66.742,-66.742) |
geographic |
Arctic Sodankylä Moses Jules |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä Moses Jules |
genre |
Arctic Sodankylä The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 229-246 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/229/2017/tc-11-229-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-11-229-2017 https://doaj.org/article/420d77fa4b1b40d4bcffe6e9902869da |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-229-2017 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
229 |
op_container_end_page |
246 |
_version_ |
1766346324455718912 |