Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges.
Sponges play a key role in Antarctic marine benthic community structure and dynamics and are often a dominant component of many Southern Ocean benthic communities. Understanding the drivers of sponge distribution in Antarctica enables us to understand many of general benthic biodiversity patterns in...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:40dcbddb41254d388729b500984eaf98 2023-05-15T13:51:25+02:00 Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges. Rachel V Downey Huw J Griffiths Katrin Linse Dorte Janussen 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041672 https://doaj.org/article/40dcbddb41254d388729b500984eaf98 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3404021?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041672 https://doaj.org/article/40dcbddb41254d388729b500984eaf98 PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e41672 (2012) Medicine R Science Q article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041672 2022-12-31T05:16:58Z Sponges play a key role in Antarctic marine benthic community structure and dynamics and are often a dominant component of many Southern Ocean benthic communities. Understanding the drivers of sponge distribution in Antarctica enables us to understand many of general benthic biodiversity patterns in the region. The sponges of the Antarctic and neighbouring oceanographic regions were assessed for species richness and biogeographic patterns using over 8,800 distribution records. Species-rich regions include the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, South Georgia, Eastern Weddell Sea, Kerguelen Plateau, Falkland Islands and north New Zealand. Sampling intensity varied greatly within the study area, with sampling hotspots found at the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia, north New Zealand and Tierra del Fuego, with limited sampling in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas in the Southern Ocean. In contrast to previous studies we found that eurybathy and circumpolar distributions are important but not dominant characteristics in Antarctic sponges. Overall Antarctic sponge species endemism is ∼43%, with a higher level for the class Hexactinellida (68%). Endemism levels are lower than previous estimates, but still indicate the importance of the Polar Front in isolating the Southern Ocean fauna. Nineteen distinct sponge distribution patterns were found, ranging from regional endemics to cosmopolitan species. A single, distinct Antarctic demosponge fauna is found to encompass all areas within the Polar Front, and the sub-Antarctic regions of the Kerguelen Plateau and Macquarie Island. Biogeographical analyses indicate stronger faunal links between Antarctica and South America, with little evidence of links between Antarctica and South Africa, Southern Australia or New Zealand. We conclude that the biogeographic and species distribution patterns observed are largely driven by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the timing of past continent connectivity. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Macquarie Island South Shetland Islands Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Tierra del Fuego Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea Kerguelen South Shetland Islands New Zealand Weddell PLoS ONE 7 7 e41672 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Rachel V Downey Huw J Griffiths Katrin Linse Dorte Janussen Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Sponges play a key role in Antarctic marine benthic community structure and dynamics and are often a dominant component of many Southern Ocean benthic communities. Understanding the drivers of sponge distribution in Antarctica enables us to understand many of general benthic biodiversity patterns in the region. The sponges of the Antarctic and neighbouring oceanographic regions were assessed for species richness and biogeographic patterns using over 8,800 distribution records. Species-rich regions include the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, South Georgia, Eastern Weddell Sea, Kerguelen Plateau, Falkland Islands and north New Zealand. Sampling intensity varied greatly within the study area, with sampling hotspots found at the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia, north New Zealand and Tierra del Fuego, with limited sampling in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas in the Southern Ocean. In contrast to previous studies we found that eurybathy and circumpolar distributions are important but not dominant characteristics in Antarctic sponges. Overall Antarctic sponge species endemism is ∼43%, with a higher level for the class Hexactinellida (68%). Endemism levels are lower than previous estimates, but still indicate the importance of the Polar Front in isolating the Southern Ocean fauna. Nineteen distinct sponge distribution patterns were found, ranging from regional endemics to cosmopolitan species. A single, distinct Antarctic demosponge fauna is found to encompass all areas within the Polar Front, and the sub-Antarctic regions of the Kerguelen Plateau and Macquarie Island. Biogeographical analyses indicate stronger faunal links between Antarctica and South America, with little evidence of links between Antarctica and South Africa, Southern Australia or New Zealand. We conclude that the biogeographic and species distribution patterns observed are largely driven by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the timing of past continent connectivity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rachel V Downey Huw J Griffiths Katrin Linse Dorte Janussen |
author_facet |
Rachel V Downey Huw J Griffiths Katrin Linse Dorte Janussen |
author_sort |
Rachel V Downey |
title |
Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges. |
title_short |
Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges. |
title_full |
Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges. |
title_fullStr |
Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges. |
title_sort |
diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041672 https://doaj.org/article/40dcbddb41254d388729b500984eaf98 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea Kerguelen South Shetland Islands New Zealand Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea Kerguelen South Shetland Islands New Zealand Weddell |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Macquarie Island South Shetland Islands Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Tierra del Fuego |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Macquarie Island South Shetland Islands Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Tierra del Fuego |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e41672 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3404021?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041672 https://doaj.org/article/40dcbddb41254d388729b500984eaf98 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041672 |
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PLoS ONE |
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7 |
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7 |
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e41672 |
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