High species diversity of trichostrongyle parasite communities within and between Western Canadian commercial and conservation bison herds revealed by nemabiome metabarcoding

• Published in: Parasites & Vectors
• Main Authors: Russell W. Avramenko, Ana Bras, Elizabeth M. Redman, Murray R. Woodbury, Brent Wagner, Todd Shury, Stefano Liccioli, M. Claire Windeyer, John S. Gilleard
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2018
• Subjects: Bison; Nemabiome; Metabarcoding; Ostertagia ostertagi; Haemonchus placei; Cooperia oncophora; Infectious and parasitic diseases; RC109-216; Canada; Bison bison athabascae; Wood Bison; Bison bison bison; Plains Bison
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2880-y; https://doaj.org/article/40d9f7eb91f54e5d9ae4352b18032bbf

Abstract Background Many trichostrongylid nematode species are reported to infect bison, some of which are major causes of disase and production loss in North American bison herds. However, there is little information on the species distribution and relative abundance of these parasites in either commercial or conservation herds. This is largely because trichostrongylid nematode species cannot be distinguished by visual microscopic examination of eggs present in feces. Consequently, we have applied ITS2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding to describe the trichostrongyle parasite species diversity in 58 bison production groups derived from 38 commercial North American plains bison (Bison bison bison) herds from across western Canada, and two bison conservation herds located in Elk Island National Park (EINP) [plains bison and wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)] and one in Grasslands National Park (GNP) (plains bison). Results We report much higher infection intensities and parasite species diversity in commercial bison herds than previously reported in beef cattle herds grazing similar latitudes. Predominant trichostrongyle parasite species in western Canadian commercial bison herds are those commonly associated with Canadian cattle, with Ostertagia ostertagi being the most abundant followed by Cooperia oncophora. Combined with high fecal egg counts in many herds, this is consistent with significant clinical and production-limiting gastrointestinal parasitism in western Canadian bison herds. However, Haemonchus placei was the most abundant species in five of the production groups. This is both surprising and important, as this highly pathogenic blood-feeding parasite has not been reported at such abundance, in any livestock species, at such northerly latitudes. The presence of Trichostrongylus axei as the most abundant parasite in four herds is also unusual, relative to cattle. There were striking differences in parasite communities between the EINP and commercial bison herds. Most notably, Orloffia bisonis was the ...