Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis
A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries with the atmosphere, land, and the open ocean is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but this is currently a missing component o...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019 https://doaj.org/article/407859ae48ee481b8a89d9940a73ad2e |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:407859ae48ee481b8a89d9940a73ad2e 2023-05-15T14:58:06+02:00 Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis K. Fennel S. Alin L. Barbero W. Evans T. Bourgeois S. Cooley J. Dunne R. A. Feely J. M. Hernandez-Ayon X. Hu S. Lohrenz F. Muller-Karger R. Najjar L. Robbins E. Shadwick S. Siedlecki N. Steiner A. Sutton D. Turk P. Vlahos Z. A. Wang 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019 https://doaj.org/article/407859ae48ee481b8a89d9940a73ad2e EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.biogeosciences.net/16/1281/2019/bg-16-1281-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/407859ae48ee481b8a89d9940a73ad2e Biogeosciences, Vol 16, Pp 1281-1304 (2019) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019 2022-12-31T01:49:04Z A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries with the atmosphere, land, and the open ocean is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but this is currently a missing component of global carbon budgeting. This synthesis reviews recent progress in characterizing these carbon fluxes for the North American coastal ocean. Several observing networks and high-resolution regional models are now available. Recent efforts have focused primarily on quantifying the net air–sea exchange of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ). Some studies have estimated other key fluxes, such as the exchange of organic and inorganic carbon between shelves and the open ocean. Available estimates of air–sea CO 2 flux, informed by more than a decade of observations, indicate that the North American Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) acts as a sink of 160±80 Tg C yr −1 , although this flux is not well constrained. The Arctic and sub-Arctic, mid-latitude Atlantic, and mid-latitude Pacific portions of the EEZ account for 104, 62, and − 3.7 Tg C yr −1 , respectively, while making up 51 %, 25 %, and 24 % of the total area, respectively. Combining the net uptake of 160±80 Tg C yr −1 with an estimated carbon input from land of 106±30 Tg C yr −1 minus an estimated burial of 65±55 Tg C yr −1 and an estimated accumulation of dissolved carbon in EEZ waters of 50±25 Tg C yr −1 implies a carbon export of 151±105 Tg C yr −1 to the open ocean. The increasing concentration of inorganic carbon in coastal and open-ocean waters leads to ocean acidification. As a result, conditions favoring the dissolution of calcium carbonate occur regularly in subsurface coastal waters in the Arctic, which are naturally prone to low pH, and the North Pacific, where upwelling of deep, carbon-rich waters has intensified. Expanded monitoring and extension of existing model capabilities are required to provide more reliable coastal carbon budgets, projections of future states of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Pacific Biogeosciences 16 6 1281 1304 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 K. Fennel S. Alin L. Barbero W. Evans T. Bourgeois S. Cooley J. Dunne R. A. Feely J. M. Hernandez-Ayon X. Hu S. Lohrenz F. Muller-Karger R. Najjar L. Robbins E. Shadwick S. Siedlecki N. Steiner A. Sutton D. Turk P. Vlahos Z. A. Wang Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries with the atmosphere, land, and the open ocean is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but this is currently a missing component of global carbon budgeting. This synthesis reviews recent progress in characterizing these carbon fluxes for the North American coastal ocean. Several observing networks and high-resolution regional models are now available. Recent efforts have focused primarily on quantifying the net air–sea exchange of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ). Some studies have estimated other key fluxes, such as the exchange of organic and inorganic carbon between shelves and the open ocean. Available estimates of air–sea CO 2 flux, informed by more than a decade of observations, indicate that the North American Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) acts as a sink of 160±80 Tg C yr −1 , although this flux is not well constrained. The Arctic and sub-Arctic, mid-latitude Atlantic, and mid-latitude Pacific portions of the EEZ account for 104, 62, and − 3.7 Tg C yr −1 , respectively, while making up 51 %, 25 %, and 24 % of the total area, respectively. Combining the net uptake of 160±80 Tg C yr −1 with an estimated carbon input from land of 106±30 Tg C yr −1 minus an estimated burial of 65±55 Tg C yr −1 and an estimated accumulation of dissolved carbon in EEZ waters of 50±25 Tg C yr −1 implies a carbon export of 151±105 Tg C yr −1 to the open ocean. The increasing concentration of inorganic carbon in coastal and open-ocean waters leads to ocean acidification. As a result, conditions favoring the dissolution of calcium carbonate occur regularly in subsurface coastal waters in the Arctic, which are naturally prone to low pH, and the North Pacific, where upwelling of deep, carbon-rich waters has intensified. Expanded monitoring and extension of existing model capabilities are required to provide more reliable coastal carbon budgets, projections of future states of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
K. Fennel S. Alin L. Barbero W. Evans T. Bourgeois S. Cooley J. Dunne R. A. Feely J. M. Hernandez-Ayon X. Hu S. Lohrenz F. Muller-Karger R. Najjar L. Robbins E. Shadwick S. Siedlecki N. Steiner A. Sutton D. Turk P. Vlahos Z. A. Wang |
author_facet |
K. Fennel S. Alin L. Barbero W. Evans T. Bourgeois S. Cooley J. Dunne R. A. Feely J. M. Hernandez-Ayon X. Hu S. Lohrenz F. Muller-Karger R. Najjar L. Robbins E. Shadwick S. Siedlecki N. Steiner A. Sutton D. Turk P. Vlahos Z. A. Wang |
author_sort |
K. Fennel |
title |
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis |
title_short |
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis |
title_full |
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis |
title_fullStr |
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis |
title_sort |
carbon cycling in the north american coastal ocean: a synthesis |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019 https://doaj.org/article/407859ae48ee481b8a89d9940a73ad2e |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 16, Pp 1281-1304 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.biogeosciences.net/16/1281/2019/bg-16-1281-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/407859ae48ee481b8a89d9940a73ad2e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1281 |
op_container_end_page |
1304 |
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1766330194787827712 |