Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan
Abstract Background Malaria vector control activities in Sudan rely largely on Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) and Larval Source Management (LSM). The present study attempted to determine cost effectiveness of inputs and operations of vector control interventions...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4042f41ac4cd4d4a9ced25f33ef3fc15 2024-09-09T19:28:08+00:00 Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan Sami M. HasapAla Rasha S. Azrag Osama M. Awad 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04900-7 https://doaj.org/article/4042f41ac4cd4d4a9ced25f33ef3fc15 EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04900-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-024-04900-7 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/4042f41ac4cd4d4a9ced25f33ef3fc15 Malaria Journal, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2024) Insecticide residual spraying Long-lasting insecticidal nets Larval source management Operational cost Entomological surveillance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04900-7 2024-08-05T17:49:48Z Abstract Background Malaria vector control activities in Sudan rely largely on Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) and Larval Source Management (LSM). The present study attempted to determine cost effectiveness of inputs and operations of vector control interventions applied in different environmental settings in central and eastern Sudan, as well as their impact. Methods The inputs utilized and cost of each vector control activity, operational achievements and impact of the applied malaria vector control activities; IRS, LLINs and LSM were determined for eight sites in Al Gazira state (central Sudan) and Al Gadarif state (eastern Sudan). Operational costs were obtained from data of the National Malaria Control Program in 2017. Impact was measured using entomological indicators for Anopheles mosquitoes. Results The total cost per person per year was $1.6, $0.85, and $0.32 for IRS, LLINs and LSM, respectively. Coverage of vector control operations was 97%, 95.2% and 25–50% in IRS, LLINs and LSM, respectively. Vectorial capacity of malaria vectors showed statistically significant variations (P < 0.034) and ranged 0.294–0.65 in areas implemented LSM in comparison to 0.097–0.248 in areas applied IRS and LLINs, respectively. Both indoor and outdoor biting Anopheles mosquitoes showed noticeable increase that reached 3–12 folds in areas implemented LSM in comparison to areas implemented IRS and LLINs. Annual malaria prevalence was 13.1–21.1% in areas implemented LSM in comparison to 3.20%, 4.77% in areas implemented IRS and LLINs, respectively. Conclusion IRS and LLINs are cost effective control measures due to adequate inputs and organized process. However, the unit cost of LSM intervention per outcome and subsequently the impact is hugely affected by the low coverage. The very weak support for implementation of LSM which includes inputs resulted in weakness of its process and consequently its impact. Implementation of LSM by local government in urban settings is challenged by many ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 23 1 |
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Insecticide residual spraying Long-lasting insecticidal nets Larval source management Operational cost Entomological surveillance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Insecticide residual spraying Long-lasting insecticidal nets Larval source management Operational cost Entomological surveillance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Sami M. HasapAla Rasha S. Azrag Osama M. Awad Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan |
topic_facet |
Insecticide residual spraying Long-lasting insecticidal nets Larval source management Operational cost Entomological surveillance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Malaria vector control activities in Sudan rely largely on Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) and Larval Source Management (LSM). The present study attempted to determine cost effectiveness of inputs and operations of vector control interventions applied in different environmental settings in central and eastern Sudan, as well as their impact. Methods The inputs utilized and cost of each vector control activity, operational achievements and impact of the applied malaria vector control activities; IRS, LLINs and LSM were determined for eight sites in Al Gazira state (central Sudan) and Al Gadarif state (eastern Sudan). Operational costs were obtained from data of the National Malaria Control Program in 2017. Impact was measured using entomological indicators for Anopheles mosquitoes. Results The total cost per person per year was $1.6, $0.85, and $0.32 for IRS, LLINs and LSM, respectively. Coverage of vector control operations was 97%, 95.2% and 25–50% in IRS, LLINs and LSM, respectively. Vectorial capacity of malaria vectors showed statistically significant variations (P < 0.034) and ranged 0.294–0.65 in areas implemented LSM in comparison to 0.097–0.248 in areas applied IRS and LLINs, respectively. Both indoor and outdoor biting Anopheles mosquitoes showed noticeable increase that reached 3–12 folds in areas implemented LSM in comparison to areas implemented IRS and LLINs. Annual malaria prevalence was 13.1–21.1% in areas implemented LSM in comparison to 3.20%, 4.77% in areas implemented IRS and LLINs, respectively. Conclusion IRS and LLINs are cost effective control measures due to adequate inputs and organized process. However, the unit cost of LSM intervention per outcome and subsequently the impact is hugely affected by the low coverage. The very weak support for implementation of LSM which includes inputs resulted in weakness of its process and consequently its impact. Implementation of LSM by local government in urban settings is challenged by many ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sami M. HasapAla Rasha S. Azrag Osama M. Awad |
author_facet |
Sami M. HasapAla Rasha S. Azrag Osama M. Awad |
author_sort |
Sami M. HasapAla |
title |
Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan |
title_short |
Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan |
title_full |
Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan |
title_fullStr |
Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan |
title_sort |
cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in sudan |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04900-7 https://doaj.org/article/4042f41ac4cd4d4a9ced25f33ef3fc15 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
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Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04900-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-024-04900-7 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/4042f41ac4cd4d4a9ced25f33ef3fc15 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04900-7 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
23 |
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1 |
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1809897402640891904 |