Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp.
The common Antarctic red alga Plocamium sp. is rich in halogenated monoterpenes with known anticancer and antimicrobial properties and extracts of Plocamium sp. have strong ecological activity in deterring feeding by sympatric herbivores. Plocamium sp. collected near Anvers Island, Antarctica showed...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e 2023-05-15T13:55:24+02:00 Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp. Andrew J. Shilling Sabrina Heiser Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110607 https://doaj.org/article/3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/11/607 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397 doi:10.3390/md19110607 1660-3397 https://doaj.org/article/3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e Marine Drugs, Vol 19, Iss 607, p 607 (2021) halogenated monoterpenes metabolite diversity haplotype diversity Plocamium Antarctica Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110607 2022-12-30T20:08:29Z The common Antarctic red alga Plocamium sp. is rich in halogenated monoterpenes with known anticancer and antimicrobial properties and extracts of Plocamium sp. have strong ecological activity in deterring feeding by sympatric herbivores. Plocamium sp. collected near Anvers Island, Antarctica showed a high degree of secondary metabolite diversity between separate individuals. GC/MS results revealed 15 different combinations of metabolites (chemogroups) across individuals, which were apparent at 50% or greater Bray–Curtis similarity and also clearly distinguishable by eye when comparing chromatographic profiles of the secondary metabolomes. Sequencing of the mitochondrial cox 1 gene revealed six distinct haplotypes, of which the most common two had been previously reported (now referred to as Haplotypes 1 and 2). With the exception of one individual, three of the chemogroups were only produced by individuals in Haplotype 1. All the other 12 chemogroups were produced by individuals in Haplotype 2, with five of these chemogroups also present in one of the four new, less common haplotypes that only differed from Haplotype 2 by one base pair. The functional relevance of this metabolomic and genetic diversity is unknown, but they could have important ecological and evolutionary ramifications, thus potentially providing a foundation for differential selection. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Anvers Island Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic The Antarctic Bray ENVELOPE(-114.067,-114.067,-74.833,-74.833) Anvers ENVELOPE(-63.500,-63.500,-64.600,-64.600) Anvers Island ENVELOPE(-63.500,-63.500,-64.600,-64.600) Marine Drugs 19 11 607 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
halogenated monoterpenes metabolite diversity haplotype diversity Plocamium Antarctica Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
halogenated monoterpenes metabolite diversity haplotype diversity Plocamium Antarctica Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Andrew J. Shilling Sabrina Heiser Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp. |
topic_facet |
halogenated monoterpenes metabolite diversity haplotype diversity Plocamium Antarctica Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
The common Antarctic red alga Plocamium sp. is rich in halogenated monoterpenes with known anticancer and antimicrobial properties and extracts of Plocamium sp. have strong ecological activity in deterring feeding by sympatric herbivores. Plocamium sp. collected near Anvers Island, Antarctica showed a high degree of secondary metabolite diversity between separate individuals. GC/MS results revealed 15 different combinations of metabolites (chemogroups) across individuals, which were apparent at 50% or greater Bray–Curtis similarity and also clearly distinguishable by eye when comparing chromatographic profiles of the secondary metabolomes. Sequencing of the mitochondrial cox 1 gene revealed six distinct haplotypes, of which the most common two had been previously reported (now referred to as Haplotypes 1 and 2). With the exception of one individual, three of the chemogroups were only produced by individuals in Haplotype 1. All the other 12 chemogroups were produced by individuals in Haplotype 2, with five of these chemogroups also present in one of the four new, less common haplotypes that only differed from Haplotype 2 by one base pair. The functional relevance of this metabolomic and genetic diversity is unknown, but they could have important ecological and evolutionary ramifications, thus potentially providing a foundation for differential selection. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Andrew J. Shilling Sabrina Heiser Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker |
author_facet |
Andrew J. Shilling Sabrina Heiser Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker |
author_sort |
Andrew J. Shilling |
title |
Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp. |
title_short |
Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp. |
title_full |
Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp. |
title_fullStr |
Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp. |
title_sort |
hidden diversity in an antarctic algal forest: metabolomic profiling linked to patterns of genetic diversification in the antarctic red alga plocamium sp. |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110607 https://doaj.org/article/3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-114.067,-114.067,-74.833,-74.833) ENVELOPE(-63.500,-63.500,-64.600,-64.600) ENVELOPE(-63.500,-63.500,-64.600,-64.600) |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic Bray Anvers Anvers Island |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic Bray Anvers Anvers Island |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Anvers Island |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Anvers Island |
op_source |
Marine Drugs, Vol 19, Iss 607, p 607 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/11/607 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397 doi:10.3390/md19110607 1660-3397 https://doaj.org/article/3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110607 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
607 |
_version_ |
1766262015985188864 |