Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977
The Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) instrument onboard the NIMBUS 5 satellite was a one-channel microwave radiometer that measured the 19.35 GHz horizontally polarized brightness temperature ( T B ) from 11 December 1972 to 16 May 1977. The original tape archive data in swath proje...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3f0e6e0f41064d829e865afeb9d4bbca 2024-09-15T17:41:07+00:00 Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977 W. M. Kolbe R. T. Tonboe J. Stroeve 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1247-2024 https://doaj.org/article/3f0e6e0f41064d829e865afeb9d4bbca EN eng Copernicus Publications https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/1247/2024/essd-16-1247-2024.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1866-3508 https://doaj.org/toc/1866-3516 doi:10.5194/essd-16-1247-2024 1866-3508 1866-3516 https://doaj.org/article/3f0e6e0f41064d829e865afeb9d4bbca Earth System Science Data, Vol 16, Pp 1247-1264 (2024) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1247-2024 2024-08-05T17:49:50Z The Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) instrument onboard the NIMBUS 5 satellite was a one-channel microwave radiometer that measured the 19.35 GHz horizontally polarized brightness temperature ( T B ) from 11 December 1972 to 16 May 1977. The original tape archive data in swath projection have recently been made available online by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). Even though the ESMR was a predecessor of modern multi-frequency radiometers, there are still parts of modern processing methodologies which can be applied to the data to derive the sea ice extent globally. Here, we have reprocessed the entire dataset using a modern processing methodology that includes the implementation of pre-processing filtering, dynamical tie points, and a radiative transfer model (RTM) together with numerical weather prediction (NWP) for atmospheric correction. We present the one-channel sea ice concentration (SIC) algorithm and the model for computing temporally and spatially varying SIC uncertainty estimates. Post-processing steps include resampling to daily grids, land-spillover correction, the application of climatological masks, the setting of processing flags, and the estimation of sea ice extent, monthly means, and trends. This sea ice dataset derived from the NIMBUS 5 ESMR extends the sea ice record with an important reference from the mid-1970s. To make it easier to perform a consistent analysis of sea ice development over time, the same grid and land mask as used for EUMETSAT's OSI-SAF SMMR-based sea-ice climate data record (CDR) were used for our ESMR dataset. SIC uncertainties were included to further ease comparison to other datasets and time periods. We find that our sea ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic in the 1970s is generally higher than those available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), which were derived from the same ESMR dataset, with mean differences of 240 000 and 590 000 km 2 , ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Earth System Science Data 16 3 1247 1264 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 W. M. Kolbe R. T. Tonboe J. Stroeve Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977 |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) instrument onboard the NIMBUS 5 satellite was a one-channel microwave radiometer that measured the 19.35 GHz horizontally polarized brightness temperature ( T B ) from 11 December 1972 to 16 May 1977. The original tape archive data in swath projection have recently been made available online by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). Even though the ESMR was a predecessor of modern multi-frequency radiometers, there are still parts of modern processing methodologies which can be applied to the data to derive the sea ice extent globally. Here, we have reprocessed the entire dataset using a modern processing methodology that includes the implementation of pre-processing filtering, dynamical tie points, and a radiative transfer model (RTM) together with numerical weather prediction (NWP) for atmospheric correction. We present the one-channel sea ice concentration (SIC) algorithm and the model for computing temporally and spatially varying SIC uncertainty estimates. Post-processing steps include resampling to daily grids, land-spillover correction, the application of climatological masks, the setting of processing flags, and the estimation of sea ice extent, monthly means, and trends. This sea ice dataset derived from the NIMBUS 5 ESMR extends the sea ice record with an important reference from the mid-1970s. To make it easier to perform a consistent analysis of sea ice development over time, the same grid and land mask as used for EUMETSAT's OSI-SAF SMMR-based sea-ice climate data record (CDR) were used for our ESMR dataset. SIC uncertainties were included to further ease comparison to other datasets and time periods. We find that our sea ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic in the 1970s is generally higher than those available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), which were derived from the same ESMR dataset, with mean differences of 240 000 and 590 000 km 2 , ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
W. M. Kolbe R. T. Tonboe J. Stroeve |
author_facet |
W. M. Kolbe R. T. Tonboe J. Stroeve |
author_sort |
W. M. Kolbe |
title |
Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977 |
title_short |
Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977 |
title_full |
Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977 |
title_fullStr |
Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977 |
title_sort |
mapping of sea ice concentration using the nasa nimbus 5 electrically scanning microwave radiometer data from 1972–1977 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1247-2024 https://doaj.org/article/3f0e6e0f41064d829e865afeb9d4bbca |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice |
op_source |
Earth System Science Data, Vol 16, Pp 1247-1264 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/1247/2024/essd-16-1247-2024.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1866-3508 https://doaj.org/toc/1866-3516 doi:10.5194/essd-16-1247-2024 1866-3508 1866-3516 https://doaj.org/article/3f0e6e0f41064d829e865afeb9d4bbca |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1247-2024 |
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Earth System Science Data |
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16 |
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3 |
container_start_page |
1247 |
op_container_end_page |
1264 |
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1810487218276401152 |