Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Background As a result of poor economic opportunities and an increasing shortage of affordable housing, much of the spatial growth in many of the world's fastest-growing cities is a result of the expansion of informal settlements where residents live without security of tenure and with limited...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3ec058a3c1bd4906b8aa059c7dcbf0e4 2023-05-15T15:16:13+02:00 Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Katherine Penrose Marcia Caldas de Castro Japhet Werema Edward T Ryan 2010-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000631 https://doaj.org/article/3ec058a3c1bd4906b8aa059c7dcbf0e4 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20300569/pdf/?tool=EBI https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000631 https://doaj.org/article/3ec058a3c1bd4906b8aa059c7dcbf0e4 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 4, Iss 3, p e631 (2010) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2010 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000631 2022-12-31T13:54:19Z Background As a result of poor economic opportunities and an increasing shortage of affordable housing, much of the spatial growth in many of the world's fastest-growing cities is a result of the expansion of informal settlements where residents live without security of tenure and with limited access to basic infrastructure. Although inadequate water and sanitation facilities, crowding and other poor living conditions can have a significant impact on the spread of infectious diseases, analyses relating these diseases to ongoing global urbanization, especially at the neighborhood and household level in informal settlements, have been infrequent. To begin to address this deficiency, we analyzed urban environmental data and the burden of cholera in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology/principal findings Cholera incidence was examined in relation to the percentage of a ward's residents who were informal, the percentage of a ward's informal residents without an improved water source, the percentage of a ward's informal residents without improved sanitation, distance to the nearest cholera treatment facility, population density, median asset index score in informal areas, and presence or absence of major roads. We found that cholera incidence was most closely associated with informal housing, population density, and the income level of informal residents. Using data available in this study, our model would suggest nearly a one percent increase in cholera incidence for every percentage point increase in informal residents, approximately a two percent increase in cholera incidence for every increase in population density of 1000 people per km(2) in Dar es Salaam in 2006, and close to a fifty percent decrease in cholera incidence in wards where informal residents had minimally improved income levels, as measured by ownership of a radio or CD player on average, in comparison to wards where informal residents did not own any items about which they were asked. In this study, the range of access to improved sanitation and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4 3 e631 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Katherine Penrose Marcia Caldas de Castro Japhet Werema Edward T Ryan Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background As a result of poor economic opportunities and an increasing shortage of affordable housing, much of the spatial growth in many of the world's fastest-growing cities is a result of the expansion of informal settlements where residents live without security of tenure and with limited access to basic infrastructure. Although inadequate water and sanitation facilities, crowding and other poor living conditions can have a significant impact on the spread of infectious diseases, analyses relating these diseases to ongoing global urbanization, especially at the neighborhood and household level in informal settlements, have been infrequent. To begin to address this deficiency, we analyzed urban environmental data and the burden of cholera in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology/principal findings Cholera incidence was examined in relation to the percentage of a ward's residents who were informal, the percentage of a ward's informal residents without an improved water source, the percentage of a ward's informal residents without improved sanitation, distance to the nearest cholera treatment facility, population density, median asset index score in informal areas, and presence or absence of major roads. We found that cholera incidence was most closely associated with informal housing, population density, and the income level of informal residents. Using data available in this study, our model would suggest nearly a one percent increase in cholera incidence for every percentage point increase in informal residents, approximately a two percent increase in cholera incidence for every increase in population density of 1000 people per km(2) in Dar es Salaam in 2006, and close to a fifty percent decrease in cholera incidence in wards where informal residents had minimally improved income levels, as measured by ownership of a radio or CD player on average, in comparison to wards where informal residents did not own any items about which they were asked. In this study, the range of access to improved sanitation and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Katherine Penrose Marcia Caldas de Castro Japhet Werema Edward T Ryan |
author_facet |
Katherine Penrose Marcia Caldas de Castro Japhet Werema Edward T Ryan |
author_sort |
Katherine Penrose |
title |
Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. |
title_short |
Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. |
title_full |
Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. |
title_fullStr |
Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. |
title_sort |
informal urban settlements and cholera risk in dar es salaam, tanzania. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000631 https://doaj.org/article/3ec058a3c1bd4906b8aa059c7dcbf0e4 |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 4, Iss 3, p e631 (2010) |
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20300569/pdf/?tool=EBI https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000631 https://doaj.org/article/3ec058a3c1bd4906b8aa059c7dcbf0e4 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000631 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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