Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), caused by infection with Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1), is a common disease in farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). Both an inactivated whole virus vaccine and a DNA vaccine have previously been tested experimentally against HSMI and demonstrated t...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3e749278f3c64f52a269a40398c0de5c 2024-01-07T09:42:11+01:00 Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon Muhammad Salman Malik Lena H. Teige Stine Braaen Anne Berit Olsen Monica Nordberg Marit M. Amundsen Kannimuthu Dhamotharan Steingrim Svenning Eva Stina Edholm Tomokazu Takano Jorunn B. Jørgensen Øystein Wessel Espen Rimstad Maria K. Dahle 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030230 https://doaj.org/article/3e749278f3c64f52a269a40398c0de5c EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/3/230 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393X doi:10.3390/vaccines9030230 2076-393X https://doaj.org/article/3e749278f3c64f52a269a40398c0de5c Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 230 (2021) heart and skeletal muscle inflammation Piscine orthoreovirus vaccine atlantic salmon antibodies immune response Medicine R article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030230 2023-12-10T01:46:52Z Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), caused by infection with Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1), is a common disease in farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). Both an inactivated whole virus vaccine and a DNA vaccine have previously been tested experimentally against HSMI and demonstrated to give partial but not full protection. To understand the mechanisms involved in protection against HSMI and evaluate the potential of live attenuated vaccine strategies, we set up a cross-protection experiment using PRV genotypes not associated with disease development in Atlantic salmon. The three known genotypes of PRV differ in their preference of salmonid host species. The main target species for PRV-1 is Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) is the target species for PRV-2, where the infection may induce erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS). PRV-3 is associated with heart pathology and anemia in rainbow trout, but brown trout ( S. trutta ) is the likely natural main host species. Here, we tested if primary infection with PRV-2 or PRV-3 in Atlantic salmon could induce protection against secondary PRV-1 infection, in comparison with an adjuvanted, inactivated PRV-1 vaccine. Viral kinetics, production of cross-reactive antibodies, and protection against HSMI were studied. PRV-3, and to a low extent PRV-2, induced antibodies cross-reacting with the PRV-1 σ1 protein, whereas no specific antibodies were detected after vaccination with inactivated PRV-1. Ten weeks after immunization, the fish were challenged through cohabitation with PRV-1-infected shedder fish. A primary PRV-3 infection completely blocked PRV-1 infection, while PRV-2 only reduced PRV-1 infection levels and the severity of HSMI pathology in a few individuals. This study indicates that infection with non-pathogenic, replicating PRV could be a future strategy to protect farmed salmon from HSMI. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Vaccines 9 3 230 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
heart and skeletal muscle inflammation Piscine orthoreovirus vaccine atlantic salmon antibodies immune response Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
heart and skeletal muscle inflammation Piscine orthoreovirus vaccine atlantic salmon antibodies immune response Medicine R Muhammad Salman Malik Lena H. Teige Stine Braaen Anne Berit Olsen Monica Nordberg Marit M. Amundsen Kannimuthu Dhamotharan Steingrim Svenning Eva Stina Edholm Tomokazu Takano Jorunn B. Jørgensen Øystein Wessel Espen Rimstad Maria K. Dahle Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon |
topic_facet |
heart and skeletal muscle inflammation Piscine orthoreovirus vaccine atlantic salmon antibodies immune response Medicine R |
description |
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), caused by infection with Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1), is a common disease in farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). Both an inactivated whole virus vaccine and a DNA vaccine have previously been tested experimentally against HSMI and demonstrated to give partial but not full protection. To understand the mechanisms involved in protection against HSMI and evaluate the potential of live attenuated vaccine strategies, we set up a cross-protection experiment using PRV genotypes not associated with disease development in Atlantic salmon. The three known genotypes of PRV differ in their preference of salmonid host species. The main target species for PRV-1 is Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) is the target species for PRV-2, where the infection may induce erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS). PRV-3 is associated with heart pathology and anemia in rainbow trout, but brown trout ( S. trutta ) is the likely natural main host species. Here, we tested if primary infection with PRV-2 or PRV-3 in Atlantic salmon could induce protection against secondary PRV-1 infection, in comparison with an adjuvanted, inactivated PRV-1 vaccine. Viral kinetics, production of cross-reactive antibodies, and protection against HSMI were studied. PRV-3, and to a low extent PRV-2, induced antibodies cross-reacting with the PRV-1 σ1 protein, whereas no specific antibodies were detected after vaccination with inactivated PRV-1. Ten weeks after immunization, the fish were challenged through cohabitation with PRV-1-infected shedder fish. A primary PRV-3 infection completely blocked PRV-1 infection, while PRV-2 only reduced PRV-1 infection levels and the severity of HSMI pathology in a few individuals. This study indicates that infection with non-pathogenic, replicating PRV could be a future strategy to protect farmed salmon from HSMI. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Muhammad Salman Malik Lena H. Teige Stine Braaen Anne Berit Olsen Monica Nordberg Marit M. Amundsen Kannimuthu Dhamotharan Steingrim Svenning Eva Stina Edholm Tomokazu Takano Jorunn B. Jørgensen Øystein Wessel Espen Rimstad Maria K. Dahle |
author_facet |
Muhammad Salman Malik Lena H. Teige Stine Braaen Anne Berit Olsen Monica Nordberg Marit M. Amundsen Kannimuthu Dhamotharan Steingrim Svenning Eva Stina Edholm Tomokazu Takano Jorunn B. Jørgensen Øystein Wessel Espen Rimstad Maria K. Dahle |
author_sort |
Muhammad Salman Malik |
title |
Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon |
title_short |
Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon |
title_full |
Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon |
title_fullStr |
Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)-3, but Not PRV-2, Cross-Protects against PRV-1 and Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon |
title_sort |
piscine orthoreovirus (prv)-3, but not prv-2, cross-protects against prv-1 and heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in atlantic salmon |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030230 https://doaj.org/article/3e749278f3c64f52a269a40398c0de5c |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 230 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/3/230 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393X doi:10.3390/vaccines9030230 2076-393X https://doaj.org/article/3e749278f3c64f52a269a40398c0de5c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030230 |
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Vaccines |
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9 |
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3 |
container_start_page |
230 |
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