Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes

Electron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was about 0.5–0.6. Smaller ratios were observed at lar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ritið
Main Authors: Hayden Fast, Alexander Koustov, Robert Gillies
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023
Subjects:
swarm satellites
incoherent scatter radars
electron density
topside ionosphere
polar cap
auroral zone
Science
Q
Langmuir
Resolute Bay
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071846
https://doaj.org/article/3d91ee24f162421ca8e0043cd929e9d3
Description
Summary:Electron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was about 0.5–0.6. Smaller ratios were observed at larger electron densities, usually during the daytime. At low electron densities less than 3 × 10 10 m −3 , the ratios were typically above 1, indicating an overestimation effect. The overestimation effect was stronger at night and for Swarm B. It was more evident at lower solar activity when the electron densities in the topside ionosphere were lower.

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