Pragmatic Assignment of Species Groups Based on Primary Species Hypotheses: The Case of a Dominant Component of the Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna
Ecological studies that enhance our understanding of the structure and function of the natural world rely heavily on accurate species identification. With rapid sample accumulation and declining taxonomic expertise, cladistics, phylogenetics and coalescent-based analyses have become key tools for id...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.723328 https://doaj.org/article/3d6d4367f9ea418d94ad249b8a9b34e3 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3d6d4367f9ea418d94ad249b8a9b34e3 2023-05-15T13:37:56+02:00 Pragmatic Assignment of Species Groups Based on Primary Species Hypotheses: The Case of a Dominant Component of the Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna Chester J. Sands Timothy D. O’Hara Rafael Martín-Ledo 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.723328 https://doaj.org/article/3d6d4367f9ea418d94ad249b8a9b34e3 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.723328/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.723328 https://doaj.org/article/3d6d4367f9ea418d94ad249b8a9b34e3 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) marine management conservation cryptic species Ophiuroidea primary species hypothesis Southern Ocean Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.723328 2022-12-31T05:31:37Z Ecological studies that enhance our understanding of the structure and function of the natural world rely heavily on accurate species identification. With rapid sample accumulation and declining taxonomic expertise, cladistics, phylogenetics and coalescent-based analyses have become key tools for identification or discrimination of species. These tools differ in effectiveness and interpretation depending on researcher perspective and the unique evolutionary histories of the taxa. Given the cost and time required for taxonomic assessment of ambiguous species groups, we advocate a pragmatic approach to clarify species assignment. We carried out a case-study on species from the diverse ophiuroid genus Ophiacantha common in shelf habitats around the Southern Ocean. Although several of the species are formally described with clear and distinctive morphological characters and reproductive strategies (O. vivipara, O. pentactis, O. densispina, O. antarctica, and O. wolfarntzi), recent molecular data has highlighted issues with these morphospecies, the characters that formally define them and their evolutionary histories. Here we provide evidence that key morphological features of species can be deceptive and show that six-armed O. vivipara, for example, is not a widely distributed Southern Ocean species as currently accepted, rather, three disparate clades. Ophiacantha pentactis, described as having five arms, frequently has six arms and the six-armed form is mistakenly classified as O. vivipara. All six-armed specimens collected from the Antarctic continental shelf fall into the O. pentactis species clade. Molecular tools designed for species delimitation appear to fail to reflect the “true” species composition. Rather than rely on a single tool for species recognition, we advocate an integrated approach using traditional detailed taxonomic morphology, summary statistics of molecular sequence data from populations, robust phylogenies, sufficient geographical sampling and local biological knowledge to ensure that ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
marine management conservation cryptic species Ophiuroidea primary species hypothesis Southern Ocean Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
marine management conservation cryptic species Ophiuroidea primary species hypothesis Southern Ocean Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Chester J. Sands Timothy D. O’Hara Rafael Martín-Ledo Pragmatic Assignment of Species Groups Based on Primary Species Hypotheses: The Case of a Dominant Component of the Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna |
topic_facet |
marine management conservation cryptic species Ophiuroidea primary species hypothesis Southern Ocean Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Ecological studies that enhance our understanding of the structure and function of the natural world rely heavily on accurate species identification. With rapid sample accumulation and declining taxonomic expertise, cladistics, phylogenetics and coalescent-based analyses have become key tools for identification or discrimination of species. These tools differ in effectiveness and interpretation depending on researcher perspective and the unique evolutionary histories of the taxa. Given the cost and time required for taxonomic assessment of ambiguous species groups, we advocate a pragmatic approach to clarify species assignment. We carried out a case-study on species from the diverse ophiuroid genus Ophiacantha common in shelf habitats around the Southern Ocean. Although several of the species are formally described with clear and distinctive morphological characters and reproductive strategies (O. vivipara, O. pentactis, O. densispina, O. antarctica, and O. wolfarntzi), recent molecular data has highlighted issues with these morphospecies, the characters that formally define them and their evolutionary histories. Here we provide evidence that key morphological features of species can be deceptive and show that six-armed O. vivipara, for example, is not a widely distributed Southern Ocean species as currently accepted, rather, three disparate clades. Ophiacantha pentactis, described as having five arms, frequently has six arms and the six-armed form is mistakenly classified as O. vivipara. All six-armed specimens collected from the Antarctic continental shelf fall into the O. pentactis species clade. Molecular tools designed for species delimitation appear to fail to reflect the “true” species composition. Rather than rely on a single tool for species recognition, we advocate an integrated approach using traditional detailed taxonomic morphology, summary statistics of molecular sequence data from populations, robust phylogenies, sufficient geographical sampling and local biological knowledge to ensure that ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Chester J. Sands Timothy D. O’Hara Rafael Martín-Ledo |
author_facet |
Chester J. Sands Timothy D. O’Hara Rafael Martín-Ledo |
author_sort |
Chester J. Sands |
title |
Pragmatic Assignment of Species Groups Based on Primary Species Hypotheses: The Case of a Dominant Component of the Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna |
title_short |
Pragmatic Assignment of Species Groups Based on Primary Species Hypotheses: The Case of a Dominant Component of the Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna |
title_full |
Pragmatic Assignment of Species Groups Based on Primary Species Hypotheses: The Case of a Dominant Component of the Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna |
title_fullStr |
Pragmatic Assignment of Species Groups Based on Primary Species Hypotheses: The Case of a Dominant Component of the Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pragmatic Assignment of Species Groups Based on Primary Species Hypotheses: The Case of a Dominant Component of the Southern Ocean Benthic Fauna |
title_sort |
pragmatic assignment of species groups based on primary species hypotheses: the case of a dominant component of the southern ocean benthic fauna |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.723328 https://doaj.org/article/3d6d4367f9ea418d94ad249b8a9b34e3 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.723328/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.723328 https://doaj.org/article/3d6d4367f9ea418d94ad249b8a9b34e3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.723328 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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1766099620592615424 |