Efficacy and safety of the Arctic Sun device for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in adult patients following cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Brain Circulation
• Main Authors: Saurabh C Sharda, Mandip Singh Bhatia, Rohit R Jakhotia, Ashish Behera, Atul Saroch, Ashok Kumar Pannu, H Mohan Kumar
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2023
• Subjects: arctic sun; hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; postcardiac arrest syndrome; targeted temperature management; therapeutic hypothermia; Medical technology; R855-855.5; Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system; RC666-701; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.4103/bc.bc_18_23; https://doaj.org/article/3cefbfc7699945f898b5638529a54be1

AIM: The principal objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive and thorough analysis to compare the safety and effectiveness of the Arctic Sun, a servo-controlled surface cooling device, with conventional cooling techniques for providing therapeutic hypothermia in adult patients who had experienced hypoxic-ischemic brain injury following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: In order to achieve our goal, we conducted an extensive search of multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to the date of July 30, 2021. We only included studies that compared the safety and efficacy of the Arctic Sun surface cooling equipment with standard cooling approaches such as cooling blankets, ice packs, and intravenous cold saline for treating comatose adult patients who had recovered after experiencing cardiac arrest. We evaluated various outcomes, including all-cause mortality, good neurological outcome at 1 month, and the occurrence of adverse effects such as infections, shock, and bleeding. We employed a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen records were identified through our search; however, only three studies met our eligibility criteria, resulting in overall 187 patients incorporated in the meta-analysis. The findings indicated no significant difference in mortality rates among the Arctic Sun device and conventional cooling techniques (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.34–1.19; P = 0.16; I2 = 0%). In addition, we found no significant difference in occurrence of good neurological outcomes (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 0.94–3.25; P = 0.08; I2 = 0%) between the two cooling methods. However, the application of the Arctic Sun device was associated with increased incidence of infections compared to standard cooling methods (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.18–5.11; P = 0.02; I2 = 0%). While no significant difference occurred in the incidence of shock (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.07–1.18; P = 0.08; I2 = ...