Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean
Simultaneous measurements of near-surface aerosol (0.12 < R < 9.25 μm) and bubble spectra (13 < R < 620 μm) were made during five buoy deployments in the open ocean of the North Atlantic and used to estimate aerosol fluxes per unit area of whitecap. The measurements were made during two...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3bb95eb927da40b0bdb017ee823081c0 2023-05-15T17:34:04+02:00 Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean S. J. Norris I. M. Brooks B. I. Moat M. J. Yelland G. de Leeuw R. W. Pascal B. Brooks 2013-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 https://doaj.org/article/3bb95eb927da40b0bdb017ee823081c0 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.ocean-sci.net/9/133/2013/os-9-133-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-9-133-2013 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/3bb95eb927da40b0bdb017ee823081c0 Ocean Science, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 133-145 (2013) Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 2022-12-31T06:30:12Z Simultaneous measurements of near-surface aerosol (0.12 < R < 9.25 μm) and bubble spectra (13 < R < 620 μm) were made during five buoy deployments in the open ocean of the North Atlantic and used to estimate aerosol fluxes per unit area of whitecap. The measurements were made during two cruises as part of the Sea Spray, Gas Flux, and Whitecaps (SEASAW) project, a UK contribution to the international Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The mean bubble number concentrations for each deployment are in broad agreement with other open ocean spectra and are consistently one to two orders of magnitude lower than surf zone studies. Production fluxes per unit area of whitecap are estimated from the mean aerosol concentration for each buoy deployment. They are found to increase with wind speed, and span the range of values found by previous laboratory and surf-zone studies for particles with radius at 80% relative humidity, R 80 < 1 μm, but to drop off more rapidly with increasing particle size for larger particles. Estimates of the mean sea spray flux were made by scaling the whitecap production fluxes with in situ estimates of whitecap fraction. The sea spray fluxes are also compared with simultaneous individual eddy covariance flux estimates, and with a sea spray source function derived from them. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Ocean Science 9 1 133 145 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 S. J. Norris I. M. Brooks B. I. Moat M. J. Yelland G. de Leeuw R. W. Pascal B. Brooks Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
topic_facet |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Simultaneous measurements of near-surface aerosol (0.12 < R < 9.25 μm) and bubble spectra (13 < R < 620 μm) were made during five buoy deployments in the open ocean of the North Atlantic and used to estimate aerosol fluxes per unit area of whitecap. The measurements were made during two cruises as part of the Sea Spray, Gas Flux, and Whitecaps (SEASAW) project, a UK contribution to the international Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The mean bubble number concentrations for each deployment are in broad agreement with other open ocean spectra and are consistently one to two orders of magnitude lower than surf zone studies. Production fluxes per unit area of whitecap are estimated from the mean aerosol concentration for each buoy deployment. They are found to increase with wind speed, and span the range of values found by previous laboratory and surf-zone studies for particles with radius at 80% relative humidity, R 80 < 1 μm, but to drop off more rapidly with increasing particle size for larger particles. Estimates of the mean sea spray flux were made by scaling the whitecap production fluxes with in situ estimates of whitecap fraction. The sea spray fluxes are also compared with simultaneous individual eddy covariance flux estimates, and with a sea spray source function derived from them. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. J. Norris I. M. Brooks B. I. Moat M. J. Yelland G. de Leeuw R. W. Pascal B. Brooks |
author_facet |
S. J. Norris I. M. Brooks B. I. Moat M. J. Yelland G. de Leeuw R. W. Pascal B. Brooks |
author_sort |
S. J. Norris |
title |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_short |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_full |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_fullStr |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_sort |
near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 https://doaj.org/article/3bb95eb927da40b0bdb017ee823081c0 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Ocean Science, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 133-145 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://www.ocean-sci.net/9/133/2013/os-9-133-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-9-133-2013 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/3bb95eb927da40b0bdb017ee823081c0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
133 |
op_container_end_page |
145 |
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1766132778189979648 |