Breast cancer in the Arctic – changes over the past decades
The purpose of this study is to review the current literatures on breast cancer (BC) in the Arctic, especially the trends in incidence during the last decades and the possible explanations. The design of this study is a literature review. The scientific literature concerning BC were reviewed, especi...
Published in: | International Journal of Circumpolar Health |
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Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2012
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v71i0.19155 https://doaj.org/article/3bb8198279b04b9db5cc582665c730c3 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3bb8198279b04b9db5cc582665c730c3 2023-05-15T14:33:35+02:00 Breast cancer in the Arctic – changes over the past decades Stine Overvad Fredslund Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v71i0.19155 https://doaj.org/article/3bb8198279b04b9db5cc582665c730c3 EN eng Taylor & Francis Group http://www.circumpolarhealthjournal.net/index.php/ijch/article/view/19155/pdf_1 https://doaj.org/toc/2242-3982 doi:10.3402/ijch.v71i0.19155 2242-3982 https://doaj.org/article/3bb8198279b04b9db5cc582665c730c3 International Journal of Circumpolar Health, Vol 71, Iss 0, Pp 1-14 (2012) breast cancer incidence Arctic risk factors persistent organic pollutants Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v71i0.19155 2022-12-31T02:55:15Z The purpose of this study is to review the current literatures on breast cancer (BC) in the Arctic, especially the trends in incidence during the last decades and the possible explanations. The design of this study is a literature review. The scientific literature concerning BC were reviewed, especially focusing on the Arctic and the special conditions that exist in this region. Breast cancer incidence is increasing all over the world, including in the Arctic. The enormous transition in health conditions and lifestyle in the Arctic might be contributing to the known risk factors. In Greenland, the age at menarche has diminished by 3 years during the course of 100 years, and the number of children per women as well as the duration of breastfeeding is decreasing. Obesity and intake of saturated fat is increasing and the intake of traditional food rich in unsaturated fat and vitamin D decreasing. Smoking and alcohol consumption in the Arctic has been relatively high but is now decreasing. More focus on genetic susceptibility in relation to BC has identified the specific BRCA1 founder mutation in the Greenlandic population, which might appear to be an important risk factor. However, the known established risk factors alone cannot account for the increasing trend observed. Studies suggest that environmental contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including perfluorinated compounds increase the risk of BC possibly in conjunction with certain genetic polymorphisms involved in carcinogen activation. The lipophilic POPs such as polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides are found at very high levels in the Arctic population. Several factors can explain the increasing incidence of BC in the Arctic. The transition in lifestyle and health conditions unfortunately increases the known risk factors of BC. Moreover, the population of the Arctic might show up to be especially vulnerable because of the contemporary high burden of POPs and genetic susceptibility. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Population Circumpolar Health Greenland greenlandic International Journal of Circumpolar Health Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Greenland International Journal of Circumpolar Health 71 1 19155 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
breast cancer incidence Arctic risk factors persistent organic pollutants Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
spellingShingle |
breast cancer incidence Arctic risk factors persistent organic pollutants Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Stine Overvad Fredslund Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen Breast cancer in the Arctic – changes over the past decades |
topic_facet |
breast cancer incidence Arctic risk factors persistent organic pollutants Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
description |
The purpose of this study is to review the current literatures on breast cancer (BC) in the Arctic, especially the trends in incidence during the last decades and the possible explanations. The design of this study is a literature review. The scientific literature concerning BC were reviewed, especially focusing on the Arctic and the special conditions that exist in this region. Breast cancer incidence is increasing all over the world, including in the Arctic. The enormous transition in health conditions and lifestyle in the Arctic might be contributing to the known risk factors. In Greenland, the age at menarche has diminished by 3 years during the course of 100 years, and the number of children per women as well as the duration of breastfeeding is decreasing. Obesity and intake of saturated fat is increasing and the intake of traditional food rich in unsaturated fat and vitamin D decreasing. Smoking and alcohol consumption in the Arctic has been relatively high but is now decreasing. More focus on genetic susceptibility in relation to BC has identified the specific BRCA1 founder mutation in the Greenlandic population, which might appear to be an important risk factor. However, the known established risk factors alone cannot account for the increasing trend observed. Studies suggest that environmental contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including perfluorinated compounds increase the risk of BC possibly in conjunction with certain genetic polymorphisms involved in carcinogen activation. The lipophilic POPs such as polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides are found at very high levels in the Arctic population. Several factors can explain the increasing incidence of BC in the Arctic. The transition in lifestyle and health conditions unfortunately increases the known risk factors of BC. Moreover, the population of the Arctic might show up to be especially vulnerable because of the contemporary high burden of POPs and genetic susceptibility. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stine Overvad Fredslund Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen |
author_facet |
Stine Overvad Fredslund Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen |
author_sort |
Stine Overvad Fredslund |
title |
Breast cancer in the Arctic – changes over the past decades |
title_short |
Breast cancer in the Arctic – changes over the past decades |
title_full |
Breast cancer in the Arctic – changes over the past decades |
title_fullStr |
Breast cancer in the Arctic – changes over the past decades |
title_full_unstemmed |
Breast cancer in the Arctic – changes over the past decades |
title_sort |
breast cancer in the arctic – changes over the past decades |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis Group |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v71i0.19155 https://doaj.org/article/3bb8198279b04b9db5cc582665c730c3 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Population Circumpolar Health Greenland greenlandic International Journal of Circumpolar Health |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Population Circumpolar Health Greenland greenlandic International Journal of Circumpolar Health |
op_source |
International Journal of Circumpolar Health, Vol 71, Iss 0, Pp 1-14 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.circumpolarhealthjournal.net/index.php/ijch/article/view/19155/pdf_1 https://doaj.org/toc/2242-3982 doi:10.3402/ijch.v71i0.19155 2242-3982 https://doaj.org/article/3bb8198279b04b9db5cc582665c730c3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v71i0.19155 |
container_title |
International Journal of Circumpolar Health |
container_volume |
71 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
19155 |
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1766306803136593920 |