Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini.
Background Halving snakebite morbidity and mortality by 2030 requires countries to develop both prevention and treatment strategies. The paucity of data on the global incidence and severity of snakebite envenoming causes challenges in prioritizing and mobilising resources for snakebite prevention an...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3b4e52990dca462483d5b56df50c64d2 2024-09-09T19:28:07+00:00 Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini. Sara Padidar Ara Monadjem Thea Litschka-Koen Brent Thomas Nondusimo Shongwe Clare Baker Lindelwa Mmema Trevor Sithole James Murray Nicholas R Casewell Jonathan Pons David G Lalloo Robert A Harrison Ymkje Stienstra Wisdom M Dlamini 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011732 https://doaj.org/article/3b4e52990dca462483d5b56df50c64d2 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011732 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011732 https://doaj.org/article/3b4e52990dca462483d5b56df50c64d2 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e0011732 (2023) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011732 2024-08-05T17:50:02Z Background Halving snakebite morbidity and mortality by 2030 requires countries to develop both prevention and treatment strategies. The paucity of data on the global incidence and severity of snakebite envenoming causes challenges in prioritizing and mobilising resources for snakebite prevention and treatment. In line with the World Health Organisation's 2019 Snakebite Strategy, this study sought to investigate Eswatini's snakebite epidemiology and outcomes, and identify the socio-geographical factors associated with snakebite risk. Methodology Programmatic data from the Ministry of Health, Government of Eswatini 2019-2021, was used to assess the epidemiology and outcomes of snakebite in Eswatini. We developed a snake species richness map from the occurrence data of all venomous snakes of medical importance in Eswatini that was subjected to niche modelling. We formulated four risk indices using snake species richness, various geospatial datasets and reported snakebites. A multivariate cluster modelling approach using these indices was developed to estimate risk of snakebite and the outcomes of snakebite in Eswatini. Principal findings An average of 466 snakebites was recorded annually in Eswatini. Bites were recorded across the entire country and peaked in the evening during summer months. Two cluster risk maps indicated areas of the country with a high probability of snakebite and a high probability of poor snakebite outcomes. The areas with the highest rate of snakebite risk were primarily in the rural and agricultural regions of the country. Significance These models can be used to inform better snakebite prevention and treatment measures to enable Eswatini to meet the global goal of reducing snakebite morbidity and mortality by 50% by 2030. The supply chain challenges of antivenom affecting southern Africa and the high rates of snakebite identified in our study highlight the need for improved snakebite prevention and treatment tools that can be employed by health care workers stationed at rural, community ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17 11 e0011732 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Sara Padidar Ara Monadjem Thea Litschka-Koen Brent Thomas Nondusimo Shongwe Clare Baker Lindelwa Mmema Trevor Sithole James Murray Nicholas R Casewell Jonathan Pons David G Lalloo Robert A Harrison Ymkje Stienstra Wisdom M Dlamini Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Halving snakebite morbidity and mortality by 2030 requires countries to develop both prevention and treatment strategies. The paucity of data on the global incidence and severity of snakebite envenoming causes challenges in prioritizing and mobilising resources for snakebite prevention and treatment. In line with the World Health Organisation's 2019 Snakebite Strategy, this study sought to investigate Eswatini's snakebite epidemiology and outcomes, and identify the socio-geographical factors associated with snakebite risk. Methodology Programmatic data from the Ministry of Health, Government of Eswatini 2019-2021, was used to assess the epidemiology and outcomes of snakebite in Eswatini. We developed a snake species richness map from the occurrence data of all venomous snakes of medical importance in Eswatini that was subjected to niche modelling. We formulated four risk indices using snake species richness, various geospatial datasets and reported snakebites. A multivariate cluster modelling approach using these indices was developed to estimate risk of snakebite and the outcomes of snakebite in Eswatini. Principal findings An average of 466 snakebites was recorded annually in Eswatini. Bites were recorded across the entire country and peaked in the evening during summer months. Two cluster risk maps indicated areas of the country with a high probability of snakebite and a high probability of poor snakebite outcomes. The areas with the highest rate of snakebite risk were primarily in the rural and agricultural regions of the country. Significance These models can be used to inform better snakebite prevention and treatment measures to enable Eswatini to meet the global goal of reducing snakebite morbidity and mortality by 50% by 2030. The supply chain challenges of antivenom affecting southern Africa and the high rates of snakebite identified in our study highlight the need for improved snakebite prevention and treatment tools that can be employed by health care workers stationed at rural, community ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sara Padidar Ara Monadjem Thea Litschka-Koen Brent Thomas Nondusimo Shongwe Clare Baker Lindelwa Mmema Trevor Sithole James Murray Nicholas R Casewell Jonathan Pons David G Lalloo Robert A Harrison Ymkje Stienstra Wisdom M Dlamini |
author_facet |
Sara Padidar Ara Monadjem Thea Litschka-Koen Brent Thomas Nondusimo Shongwe Clare Baker Lindelwa Mmema Trevor Sithole James Murray Nicholas R Casewell Jonathan Pons David G Lalloo Robert A Harrison Ymkje Stienstra Wisdom M Dlamini |
author_sort |
Sara Padidar |
title |
Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini. |
title_short |
Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini. |
title_full |
Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini. |
title_fullStr |
Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini. |
title_sort |
snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in eswatini. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011732 https://doaj.org/article/3b4e52990dca462483d5b56df50c64d2 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e0011732 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011732 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011732 https://doaj.org/article/3b4e52990dca462483d5b56df50c64d2 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011732 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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17 |
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11 |
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e0011732 |
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