Eco-Evolutionary Interaction in Competing Phytoplankton: Nutrient Driven Genotype Sorting Likely Explains Dominance Shift and Species Responses to CO2
How ecological and evolutionary processes interact and together determine species and community responses to climate change is poorly understood. We studied long-term dynamics (over approximately 200 asexual generations) in two phytoplankton species, a coccolithophore (Emiliania huxleyi), and a diat...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3afba24cd1fc482fb64140eef598bd15 2023-05-15T17:51:52+02:00 Eco-Evolutionary Interaction in Competing Phytoplankton: Nutrient Driven Genotype Sorting Likely Explains Dominance Shift and Species Responses to CO2 Luisa Listmann Giannina S. I. Hattich Birte Matthiessen Thorsten B. H. Reusch 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00634 https://doaj.org/article/3afba24cd1fc482fb64140eef598bd15 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00634/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00634 https://doaj.org/article/3afba24cd1fc482fb64140eef598bd15 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 7 (2020) eco-evolutionary interaction CO2 ocean acidification competition phytoplankton C. affinis Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00634 2022-12-31T13:34:11Z How ecological and evolutionary processes interact and together determine species and community responses to climate change is poorly understood. We studied long-term dynamics (over approximately 200 asexual generations) in two phytoplankton species, a coccolithophore (Emiliania huxleyi), and a diatom (Chaetoceros affinis), to increased CO2 growing alone, or competing with one another in co-occurrence. To allow for rapid evolutionary responses, the experiment started with a standing genetic variation of nine genotypes in each of the species. Under co-occurrence of both species, we observed a dominance shift from C. affinis to E. huxleyi after about 120 generations in both CO2 treatments, but more pronounced under high CO2. Associated with this shift, we only found weak adaptation to high CO2 in the diatom and none in the coccolithophore in terms of species’ growth rates. In addition, no adaptation to interspecific competition could be observed by comparing the single to the two-species treatments in reciprocal assays, regardless of the CO2 treatment. Nevertheless, highly reproducible genotype sorting left only one genotype remaining for each of the species among all treatments. This strong evolutionary selection coincided with the dominance shift from C. affinis to E. huxleyi. Since all other conditions were kept constant over time, the most parsimonious explanation for the dominance shift is that the strong evolutionary selection was driven by the experimental nutrient conditions, and in turn potentially altered competitive ability of the two species. Thus, observed changes in the simplest possible two-species phytoplankton “community” demonstrated that eco-evolutionary interactions can be critical for predicting community responses to climate change in rapidly dividing organisms such as phytoplankton. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Marine Science 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
eco-evolutionary interaction CO2 ocean acidification competition phytoplankton C. affinis Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
eco-evolutionary interaction CO2 ocean acidification competition phytoplankton C. affinis Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Luisa Listmann Giannina S. I. Hattich Birte Matthiessen Thorsten B. H. Reusch Eco-Evolutionary Interaction in Competing Phytoplankton: Nutrient Driven Genotype Sorting Likely Explains Dominance Shift and Species Responses to CO2 |
topic_facet |
eco-evolutionary interaction CO2 ocean acidification competition phytoplankton C. affinis Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
How ecological and evolutionary processes interact and together determine species and community responses to climate change is poorly understood. We studied long-term dynamics (over approximately 200 asexual generations) in two phytoplankton species, a coccolithophore (Emiliania huxleyi), and a diatom (Chaetoceros affinis), to increased CO2 growing alone, or competing with one another in co-occurrence. To allow for rapid evolutionary responses, the experiment started with a standing genetic variation of nine genotypes in each of the species. Under co-occurrence of both species, we observed a dominance shift from C. affinis to E. huxleyi after about 120 generations in both CO2 treatments, but more pronounced under high CO2. Associated with this shift, we only found weak adaptation to high CO2 in the diatom and none in the coccolithophore in terms of species’ growth rates. In addition, no adaptation to interspecific competition could be observed by comparing the single to the two-species treatments in reciprocal assays, regardless of the CO2 treatment. Nevertheless, highly reproducible genotype sorting left only one genotype remaining for each of the species among all treatments. This strong evolutionary selection coincided with the dominance shift from C. affinis to E. huxleyi. Since all other conditions were kept constant over time, the most parsimonious explanation for the dominance shift is that the strong evolutionary selection was driven by the experimental nutrient conditions, and in turn potentially altered competitive ability of the two species. Thus, observed changes in the simplest possible two-species phytoplankton “community” demonstrated that eco-evolutionary interactions can be critical for predicting community responses to climate change in rapidly dividing organisms such as phytoplankton. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Luisa Listmann Giannina S. I. Hattich Birte Matthiessen Thorsten B. H. Reusch |
author_facet |
Luisa Listmann Giannina S. I. Hattich Birte Matthiessen Thorsten B. H. Reusch |
author_sort |
Luisa Listmann |
title |
Eco-Evolutionary Interaction in Competing Phytoplankton: Nutrient Driven Genotype Sorting Likely Explains Dominance Shift and Species Responses to CO2 |
title_short |
Eco-Evolutionary Interaction in Competing Phytoplankton: Nutrient Driven Genotype Sorting Likely Explains Dominance Shift and Species Responses to CO2 |
title_full |
Eco-Evolutionary Interaction in Competing Phytoplankton: Nutrient Driven Genotype Sorting Likely Explains Dominance Shift and Species Responses to CO2 |
title_fullStr |
Eco-Evolutionary Interaction in Competing Phytoplankton: Nutrient Driven Genotype Sorting Likely Explains Dominance Shift and Species Responses to CO2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eco-Evolutionary Interaction in Competing Phytoplankton: Nutrient Driven Genotype Sorting Likely Explains Dominance Shift and Species Responses to CO2 |
title_sort |
eco-evolutionary interaction in competing phytoplankton: nutrient driven genotype sorting likely explains dominance shift and species responses to co2 |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00634 https://doaj.org/article/3afba24cd1fc482fb64140eef598bd15 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 7 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00634/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00634 https://doaj.org/article/3afba24cd1fc482fb64140eef598bd15 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00634 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
7 |
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1766159158732652544 |