Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea
The Pliocene was a time of global warmth with small sporadic glaciations, which transitioned towards the larger-scale Pleistocene glacial–interglacial variability. Here, we present high-resolution records of sea surface temperature (SST) and ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the Norwegian Sea from 5.32 to...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3aea5047bd8049dd9a8030b97fbcfcf6 2023-05-15T15:09:22+02:00 Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea P. E. Bachem B. Risebrobakken S. De Schepper E. L. McClymont 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 https://doaj.org/article/3aea5047bd8049dd9a8030b97fbcfcf6 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.clim-past.net/13/1153/2017/cp-13-1153-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://doaj.org/article/3aea5047bd8049dd9a8030b97fbcfcf6 Climate of the Past, Vol 13, Pp 1153-1168 (2017) Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 2022-12-31T04:34:55Z The Pliocene was a time of global warmth with small sporadic glaciations, which transitioned towards the larger-scale Pleistocene glacial–interglacial variability. Here, we present high-resolution records of sea surface temperature (SST) and ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the Norwegian Sea from 5.32 to 3.14 Ma, providing evidence that the Pliocene surface conditions of the Norwegian Sea underwent a series of transitions in response to orbital forcing and gateway changes. Average SSTs are 2 °C above the regional Holocene mean, with notable variability on millennial to orbital timescales. Both gradual changes and threshold effects are proposed for the progression of regional climate towards the Late Pliocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Cooling from 4.5 to 4.3 Ma may be linked to the onset of poleward flow through the Bering Strait. This cooling was further intensified by a period of cool summers due to weak obliquity forcing. A 7 °C warming of the Norwegian Sea at 4.0 Ma suggests a major increase in northward heat transport from the North Atlantic, leading to an enhanced zonal SST gradient in the Nordic Seas, which may be linked to the expansion of sea ice in the Arctic and Nordic Seas. A warm Norwegian Sea and enhanced zonal temperature gradient between 4.0 and 3.6 Ma may have been a priming factor for increased glaciation around the Nordic Seas due to enhanced evaporation and precipitation at high northern latitudes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Bering Strait Nordic Seas North Atlantic Norwegian Sea Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Norwegian Sea Bering Strait Climate of the Past 13 9 1153 1168 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 P. E. Bachem B. Risebrobakken S. De Schepper E. L. McClymont Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea |
topic_facet |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
The Pliocene was a time of global warmth with small sporadic glaciations, which transitioned towards the larger-scale Pleistocene glacial–interglacial variability. Here, we present high-resolution records of sea surface temperature (SST) and ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the Norwegian Sea from 5.32 to 3.14 Ma, providing evidence that the Pliocene surface conditions of the Norwegian Sea underwent a series of transitions in response to orbital forcing and gateway changes. Average SSTs are 2 °C above the regional Holocene mean, with notable variability on millennial to orbital timescales. Both gradual changes and threshold effects are proposed for the progression of regional climate towards the Late Pliocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Cooling from 4.5 to 4.3 Ma may be linked to the onset of poleward flow through the Bering Strait. This cooling was further intensified by a period of cool summers due to weak obliquity forcing. A 7 °C warming of the Norwegian Sea at 4.0 Ma suggests a major increase in northward heat transport from the North Atlantic, leading to an enhanced zonal SST gradient in the Nordic Seas, which may be linked to the expansion of sea ice in the Arctic and Nordic Seas. A warm Norwegian Sea and enhanced zonal temperature gradient between 4.0 and 3.6 Ma may have been a priming factor for increased glaciation around the Nordic Seas due to enhanced evaporation and precipitation at high northern latitudes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
P. E. Bachem B. Risebrobakken S. De Schepper E. L. McClymont |
author_facet |
P. E. Bachem B. Risebrobakken S. De Schepper E. L. McClymont |
author_sort |
P. E. Bachem |
title |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea |
title_short |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea |
title_full |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea |
title_fullStr |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Highly variable Pliocene sea surface conditions in the Norwegian Sea |
title_sort |
highly variable pliocene sea surface conditions in the norwegian sea |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 https://doaj.org/article/3aea5047bd8049dd9a8030b97fbcfcf6 |
geographic |
Arctic Norwegian Sea Bering Strait |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norwegian Sea Bering Strait |
genre |
Arctic Bering Strait Nordic Seas North Atlantic Norwegian Sea Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bering Strait Nordic Seas North Atlantic Norwegian Sea Sea ice |
op_source |
Climate of the Past, Vol 13, Pp 1153-1168 (2017) |
op_relation |
https://www.clim-past.net/13/1153/2017/cp-13-1153-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://doaj.org/article/3aea5047bd8049dd9a8030b97fbcfcf6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
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13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1153 |
op_container_end_page |
1168 |
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1766340581748899840 |