Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland
Non-surface mass balance is non-negligible for glaciers in Iceland. Several Icelandic glaciers are in the neo-volcanic zone where a combination of geothermal activity, volcanic eruptions and geothermal heat flux much higher than the global average lead to basal melting close to 150 mm w.e. a−1 for t...
Published in: | Journal of Glaciology |
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Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2020
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.37 https://doaj.org/article/3aacb792490746a2a0b4f54cfc26cf4c |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3aacb792490746a2a0b4f54cfc26cf4c 2023-05-15T16:09:36+02:00 Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland Tómas Jóhannesson Bolli Pálmason Árni Hjartarson Alexander H. Jarosch Eyjólfur Magnússon Joaquín M. C. Belart Magnús Tumi Gudmundsson 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.37 https://doaj.org/article/3aacb792490746a2a0b4f54cfc26cf4c EN eng Cambridge University Press https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143020000374/type/journal_article https://doaj.org/toc/0022-1430 https://doaj.org/toc/1727-5652 doi:10.1017/jog.2020.37 0022-1430 1727-5652 https://doaj.org/article/3aacb792490746a2a0b4f54cfc26cf4c Journal of Glaciology, Vol 66, Pp 685-697 (2020) Glacier mass balance subglacial processes melt – basal Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.37 2023-03-12T01:30:57Z Non-surface mass balance is non-negligible for glaciers in Iceland. Several Icelandic glaciers are in the neo-volcanic zone where a combination of geothermal activity, volcanic eruptions and geothermal heat flux much higher than the global average lead to basal melting close to 150 mm w.e. a−1 for the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap and 75 mm w.e. a−1 for the largest ice cap, Vatnajökull. Energy dissipation in the flow of water and ice is also rather large for the high-precipitation, temperate glaciers of Iceland resulting in internal and basal melting of 20–150 mm w.e. a−1. The total non-surface melting of glaciers in Iceland in 1995–2019 was 45–375 mm w.e. a−1 on average for the main ice caps, and was largest for Mýrdalsjökull, the south side of Vatnajökull and Eyjafjallajökull. Geothermal melting, volcanic eruptions and the energy dissipation in the flow of water and ice, as well as calving, all contribute, and thus these components should be considered in mass-balance studies. For comparison, the average mass balance of glaciers in Iceland since 1995 is −500 to −1500 mm w.e. a−1. The non-surface mass balance corresponds to a total runoff contribution of 2.1 km3 a−1 of water from Iceland. Article in Journal/Newspaper Eyjafjallajökull glacier Ice cap Iceland Journal of Glaciology Mýrdalsjökull Vatnajökull Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Vatnajökull ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) Mýrdalsjökull ENVELOPE(-19.174,-19.174,63.643,63.643) Journal of Glaciology 66 258 685 697 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Glacier mass balance subglacial processes melt – basal Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
Glacier mass balance subglacial processes melt – basal Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Tómas Jóhannesson Bolli Pálmason Árni Hjartarson Alexander H. Jarosch Eyjólfur Magnússon Joaquín M. C. Belart Magnús Tumi Gudmundsson Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland |
topic_facet |
Glacier mass balance subglacial processes melt – basal Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
Non-surface mass balance is non-negligible for glaciers in Iceland. Several Icelandic glaciers are in the neo-volcanic zone where a combination of geothermal activity, volcanic eruptions and geothermal heat flux much higher than the global average lead to basal melting close to 150 mm w.e. a−1 for the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap and 75 mm w.e. a−1 for the largest ice cap, Vatnajökull. Energy dissipation in the flow of water and ice is also rather large for the high-precipitation, temperate glaciers of Iceland resulting in internal and basal melting of 20–150 mm w.e. a−1. The total non-surface melting of glaciers in Iceland in 1995–2019 was 45–375 mm w.e. a−1 on average for the main ice caps, and was largest for Mýrdalsjökull, the south side of Vatnajökull and Eyjafjallajökull. Geothermal melting, volcanic eruptions and the energy dissipation in the flow of water and ice, as well as calving, all contribute, and thus these components should be considered in mass-balance studies. For comparison, the average mass balance of glaciers in Iceland since 1995 is −500 to −1500 mm w.e. a−1. The non-surface mass balance corresponds to a total runoff contribution of 2.1 km3 a−1 of water from Iceland. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tómas Jóhannesson Bolli Pálmason Árni Hjartarson Alexander H. Jarosch Eyjólfur Magnússon Joaquín M. C. Belart Magnús Tumi Gudmundsson |
author_facet |
Tómas Jóhannesson Bolli Pálmason Árni Hjartarson Alexander H. Jarosch Eyjólfur Magnússon Joaquín M. C. Belart Magnús Tumi Gudmundsson |
author_sort |
Tómas Jóhannesson |
title |
Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland |
title_short |
Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland |
title_full |
Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland |
title_sort |
non-surface mass balance of glaciers in iceland |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.37 https://doaj.org/article/3aacb792490746a2a0b4f54cfc26cf4c |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) ENVELOPE(-19.174,-19.174,63.643,63.643) |
geographic |
Vatnajökull Mýrdalsjökull |
geographic_facet |
Vatnajökull Mýrdalsjökull |
genre |
Eyjafjallajökull glacier Ice cap Iceland Journal of Glaciology Mýrdalsjökull Vatnajökull |
genre_facet |
Eyjafjallajökull glacier Ice cap Iceland Journal of Glaciology Mýrdalsjökull Vatnajökull |
op_source |
Journal of Glaciology, Vol 66, Pp 685-697 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143020000374/type/journal_article https://doaj.org/toc/0022-1430 https://doaj.org/toc/1727-5652 doi:10.1017/jog.2020.37 0022-1430 1727-5652 https://doaj.org/article/3aacb792490746a2a0b4f54cfc26cf4c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.37 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
66 |
container_issue |
258 |
container_start_page |
685 |
op_container_end_page |
697 |
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1766405458356076544 |