Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review.
BACKGROUND:Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonosis, occurs in diverse epidemiological settings and affects vulnerable populations, such as rural subsistence farmers and urban slum dwellers. Although leptospirosis is a life-threatening disease and recognized as an important cause of pulmonary haemorrh...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3941d393d078407db002dded529b1e31 2023-05-15T15:15:47+02:00 Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. Federico Costa José E Hagan Juan Calcagno Michael Kane Paul Torgerson Martha S Martinez-Silveira Claudia Stein Bernadette Abela-Ridder Albert I Ko 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898 https://doaj.org/article/3941d393d078407db002dded529b1e31 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4574773?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898 https://doaj.org/article/3941d393d078407db002dded529b1e31 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 9, p e0003898 (2015) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898 2022-12-31T04:11:06Z BACKGROUND:Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonosis, occurs in diverse epidemiological settings and affects vulnerable populations, such as rural subsistence farmers and urban slum dwellers. Although leptospirosis is a life-threatening disease and recognized as an important cause of pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome, the lack of global estimates for morbidity and mortality has contributed to its neglected disease status. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We conducted a systematic review of published morbidity and mortality studies and databases to extract information on disease incidence and case fatality ratios. Linear regression and Monte Carlo modelling were used to obtain age and gender-adjusted estimates of disease morbidity for countries and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and WHO regions. We estimated mortality using models that incorporated age and gender-adjusted disease morbidity and case fatality ratios. The review identified 80 studies on disease incidence from 34 countries that met quality criteria. In certain regions, such as Africa, few quality assured studies were identified. The regression model, which incorporated country-specific variables of population structure, life expectancy at birth, distance from the equator, tropical island, and urbanization, accounted for a significant proportion (R(2) = 0.60) of the variation in observed disease incidence. We estimate that there were annually 1.03 million cases (95% CI 434,000-1,750,000) and 58,900 deaths (95% CI 23,800-95,900) due to leptospirosis worldwide. A large proportion of cases (48%, 95% CI 40-61%) and deaths (42%, 95% CI 34-53%) were estimated to occur in adult males with age of 20-49 years. Highest estimates of disease morbidity and mortality were observed in GBD regions of South and Southeast Asia, Oceania, Caribbean, Andean, Central, and Tropical Latin America, and East Sub-Saharan Africa. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Leptospirosis is among the leading zoonotic causes of morbidity worldwide and accounts for numbers of deaths, which approach or exceed ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9 9 e0003898 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Federico Costa José E Hagan Juan Calcagno Michael Kane Paul Torgerson Martha S Martinez-Silveira Claudia Stein Bernadette Abela-Ridder Albert I Ko Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonosis, occurs in diverse epidemiological settings and affects vulnerable populations, such as rural subsistence farmers and urban slum dwellers. Although leptospirosis is a life-threatening disease and recognized as an important cause of pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome, the lack of global estimates for morbidity and mortality has contributed to its neglected disease status. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We conducted a systematic review of published morbidity and mortality studies and databases to extract information on disease incidence and case fatality ratios. Linear regression and Monte Carlo modelling were used to obtain age and gender-adjusted estimates of disease morbidity for countries and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and WHO regions. We estimated mortality using models that incorporated age and gender-adjusted disease morbidity and case fatality ratios. The review identified 80 studies on disease incidence from 34 countries that met quality criteria. In certain regions, such as Africa, few quality assured studies were identified. The regression model, which incorporated country-specific variables of population structure, life expectancy at birth, distance from the equator, tropical island, and urbanization, accounted for a significant proportion (R(2) = 0.60) of the variation in observed disease incidence. We estimate that there were annually 1.03 million cases (95% CI 434,000-1,750,000) and 58,900 deaths (95% CI 23,800-95,900) due to leptospirosis worldwide. A large proportion of cases (48%, 95% CI 40-61%) and deaths (42%, 95% CI 34-53%) were estimated to occur in adult males with age of 20-49 years. Highest estimates of disease morbidity and mortality were observed in GBD regions of South and Southeast Asia, Oceania, Caribbean, Andean, Central, and Tropical Latin America, and East Sub-Saharan Africa. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Leptospirosis is among the leading zoonotic causes of morbidity worldwide and accounts for numbers of deaths, which approach or exceed ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Federico Costa José E Hagan Juan Calcagno Michael Kane Paul Torgerson Martha S Martinez-Silveira Claudia Stein Bernadette Abela-Ridder Albert I Ko |
author_facet |
Federico Costa José E Hagan Juan Calcagno Michael Kane Paul Torgerson Martha S Martinez-Silveira Claudia Stein Bernadette Abela-Ridder Albert I Ko |
author_sort |
Federico Costa |
title |
Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. |
title_short |
Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. |
title_full |
Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. |
title_fullStr |
Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. |
title_sort |
global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898 https://doaj.org/article/3941d393d078407db002dded529b1e31 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 9, p e0003898 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4574773?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898 https://doaj.org/article/3941d393d078407db002dded529b1e31 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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9 |
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e0003898 |
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