Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon.
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern r...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3932653821f146a383f8a62d1f2f619a 2023-05-15T17:03:25+02:00 Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon. Rob Williams Martin Krkošek Erin Ashe Trevor A Branch Steve Clark Philip S Hammond Erich Hoyt Dawn P Noren David Rosen Arliss Winship 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 https://doaj.org/article/3932653821f146a383f8a62d1f2f619a EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3212518?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 https://doaj.org/article/3932653821f146a383f8a62d1f2f619a PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 11, p e26738 (2011) Medicine R Science Q article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 2022-12-31T01:26:02Z Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and their primary prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Both species have at-risk conservation status and transboundary (Canada-US) ranges. We modeled individual killer whale prey requirements from feeding and growth records of captive killer whales and morphometric data from historic live-capture fishery and whaling records worldwide. The models, combined with caloric value of salmon, and demographic and diet data for wild killer whales, allow us to predict salmon quantities needed to maintain and recover this killer whale population, which numbered 87 individuals in 2009. Our analyses provide new information on cost of lactation and new parameter estimates for other killer whale populations globally. Prey requirements of southern resident killer whales are difficult to reconcile with fisheries and conservation objectives for Chinook salmon, because the number of fish required is large relative to annual returns and fishery catches. For instance, a U.S. recovery goal (2.3% annual population growth of killer whales over 28 years) implies a 75% increase in energetic requirements. Reducing salmon fisheries may serve as a temporary mitigation measure to allow time for management actions to improve salmon productivity to take effect. As ecosystem-based fishery management becomes more prevalent, trade-offs between conservation objectives for predators and prey will become increasingly necessary. Our approach offers scenarios to compare relative influence of various sources of uncertainty on the resulting consumption estimates to prioritise future research efforts, and a general approach for assessing the extent of conflict between conservation objectives for threatened or ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Canada Pacific PLoS ONE 6 11 e26738 |
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topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Rob Williams Martin Krkošek Erin Ashe Trevor A Branch Steve Clark Philip S Hammond Erich Hoyt Dawn P Noren David Rosen Arliss Winship Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and their primary prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Both species have at-risk conservation status and transboundary (Canada-US) ranges. We modeled individual killer whale prey requirements from feeding and growth records of captive killer whales and morphometric data from historic live-capture fishery and whaling records worldwide. The models, combined with caloric value of salmon, and demographic and diet data for wild killer whales, allow us to predict salmon quantities needed to maintain and recover this killer whale population, which numbered 87 individuals in 2009. Our analyses provide new information on cost of lactation and new parameter estimates for other killer whale populations globally. Prey requirements of southern resident killer whales are difficult to reconcile with fisheries and conservation objectives for Chinook salmon, because the number of fish required is large relative to annual returns and fishery catches. For instance, a U.S. recovery goal (2.3% annual population growth of killer whales over 28 years) implies a 75% increase in energetic requirements. Reducing salmon fisheries may serve as a temporary mitigation measure to allow time for management actions to improve salmon productivity to take effect. As ecosystem-based fishery management becomes more prevalent, trade-offs between conservation objectives for predators and prey will become increasingly necessary. Our approach offers scenarios to compare relative influence of various sources of uncertainty on the resulting consumption estimates to prioritise future research efforts, and a general approach for assessing the extent of conflict between conservation objectives for threatened or ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rob Williams Martin Krkošek Erin Ashe Trevor A Branch Steve Clark Philip S Hammond Erich Hoyt Dawn P Noren David Rosen Arliss Winship |
author_facet |
Rob Williams Martin Krkošek Erin Ashe Trevor A Branch Steve Clark Philip S Hammond Erich Hoyt Dawn P Noren David Rosen Arliss Winship |
author_sort |
Rob Williams |
title |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon. |
title_short |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon. |
title_full |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon. |
title_fullStr |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon. |
title_sort |
competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for chinook salmon. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 https://doaj.org/article/3932653821f146a383f8a62d1f2f619a |
geographic |
Canada Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Canada Pacific |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 11, p e26738 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3212518?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 https://doaj.org/article/3932653821f146a383f8a62d1f2f619a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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11 |
container_start_page |
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