Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima
Extratropical cyclones play a crucial role in balancing the global momentum, energy, and moisture, and also, they shape the extreme weather events over the extra-tropics. As the strongest category of the extratropical cyclones, the explosive extratropical cyclones (EECs) frequently induce severe dis...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:38e0aa65fc6848c79438b71ea847ef9c 2024-09-15T18:22:52+00:00 Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima Shen-Ming Fu Hui Ma Li-Zhi Jiang 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b24 https://doaj.org/article/38e0aa65fc6848c79438b71ea847ef9c EN eng IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b24 https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b24 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/38e0aa65fc6848c79438b71ea847ef9c Environmental Research Letters, Vol 19, Iss 5, p 054009 (2024) extratropical cyclone bomb cyclone explosive cyclone storm track strong wind Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b24 2024-08-05T17:49:37Z Extratropical cyclones play a crucial role in balancing the global momentum, energy, and moisture, and also, they shape the extreme weather events over the extra-tropics. As the strongest category of the extratropical cyclones, the explosive extratropical cyclones (EECs) frequently induce severe disasters through their strong surface winds. During the entire lifespan of an EEC, there is a maximum value of its surface wind (i.e. the maximum surface wind; MSW), which processes the greatest destructive power. After nearly a century of research on the EECs, key features about their MSWs still remain vague. In this study, we systematically investigate the EECs’ MSWs over the North Atlantic storm track (NAST) based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis. It is found that, the average intensity of EECs’ MSWs shows a significant increasing trend of ∼0.3 m s ^−1 per 10a. More importantly, for the last 20 years, even larger increasing rates of 1.5 m s ^−1 and 3.5 m s ^−1 per 10a are found in the average and maximum intensities of the EECs’ MSWs, respectively, implying the EECs’ risks increase notably for the NAST. We further clarify the physical mechanisms governing the production of EECs’ MSWs, and then establish a mechanism-based statistical model, which has the potential to predict the MSWs’ annual average intensity. In summary, our study fills a knowledge gap for the EECs’ MSWs, which would have broad implication of the economics and society. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Environmental Research Letters 19 5 054009 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
extratropical cyclone bomb cyclone explosive cyclone storm track strong wind Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
spellingShingle |
extratropical cyclone bomb cyclone explosive cyclone storm track strong wind Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 Shen-Ming Fu Hui Ma Li-Zhi Jiang Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima |
topic_facet |
extratropical cyclone bomb cyclone explosive cyclone storm track strong wind Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
description |
Extratropical cyclones play a crucial role in balancing the global momentum, energy, and moisture, and also, they shape the extreme weather events over the extra-tropics. As the strongest category of the extratropical cyclones, the explosive extratropical cyclones (EECs) frequently induce severe disasters through their strong surface winds. During the entire lifespan of an EEC, there is a maximum value of its surface wind (i.e. the maximum surface wind; MSW), which processes the greatest destructive power. After nearly a century of research on the EECs, key features about their MSWs still remain vague. In this study, we systematically investigate the EECs’ MSWs over the North Atlantic storm track (NAST) based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis. It is found that, the average intensity of EECs’ MSWs shows a significant increasing trend of ∼0.3 m s ^−1 per 10a. More importantly, for the last 20 years, even larger increasing rates of 1.5 m s ^−1 and 3.5 m s ^−1 per 10a are found in the average and maximum intensities of the EECs’ MSWs, respectively, implying the EECs’ risks increase notably for the NAST. We further clarify the physical mechanisms governing the production of EECs’ MSWs, and then establish a mechanism-based statistical model, which has the potential to predict the MSWs’ annual average intensity. In summary, our study fills a knowledge gap for the EECs’ MSWs, which would have broad implication of the economics and society. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shen-Ming Fu Hui Ma Li-Zhi Jiang |
author_facet |
Shen-Ming Fu Hui Ma Li-Zhi Jiang |
author_sort |
Shen-Ming Fu |
title |
Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima |
title_short |
Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima |
title_full |
Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima |
title_fullStr |
Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima |
title_full_unstemmed |
Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima |
title_sort |
increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the north atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b24 https://doaj.org/article/38e0aa65fc6848c79438b71ea847ef9c |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters, Vol 19, Iss 5, p 054009 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b24 https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b24 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/38e0aa65fc6848c79438b71ea847ef9c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b24 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
054009 |
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1810462918422036480 |