Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system

Abstract Objective To design and implement surveys of malaria infection and coverage of malaria control interventions among school children in Kenya in order to contribute towards a nationwide assessment of malaria. Methods The country was stratified into distinct malaria transmission zones based on...

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Published in:Malaria Journal
Main Authors: Snow Robert W, Juma Elizabeth, Mwanje Mariam, Kihara Jimmy, Karanja Peris N, Gitonga Caroline W, Noor Abdisalan M, Brooker Simon
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: BMC 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-306
https://doaj.org/article/38b2af14c7244fe0b139729be2558e8b
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spelling ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:38b2af14c7244fe0b139729be2558e8b 2023-05-15T15:14:42+02:00 Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system Snow Robert W Juma Elizabeth Mwanje Mariam Kihara Jimmy Karanja Peris N Gitonga Caroline W Noor Abdisalan M Brooker Simon 2010-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-306 https://doaj.org/article/38b2af14c7244fe0b139729be2558e8b EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/306 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-306 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/38b2af14c7244fe0b139729be2558e8b Malaria Journal, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 306 (2010) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2010 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-306 2022-12-31T11:44:55Z Abstract Objective To design and implement surveys of malaria infection and coverage of malaria control interventions among school children in Kenya in order to contribute towards a nationwide assessment of malaria. Methods The country was stratified into distinct malaria transmission zones based on a malaria risk map and 480 schools were visited between October 2008 and March 2010. Surveys were conducted in two phases: an initial opportunistic phase whereby schools were selected for other research purposes; and a second phase whereby schools were purposively selected to provide adequate spatial representation across the country. Consent for participation was based on passive, opt-out consent rather than written, opt-in consent because of the routine, low-risk nature of the survey. All children were diagnosed for Plasmodium infection using rapid diagnostic tests, assessed for anaemia and were interviewed about mosquito net usage, recent history of illness, and socio-economic and household indicators. Children's responses were entered electronically in the school and data transmitted nightly to Nairobi using a mobile phone modem connection. RDT positive results were corrected by microscopy and all results were adjusted for clustering using random effect regression modelling. Results 49,975 children in 480 schools were sampled, at an estimated cost of US$ 1,116 per school. The overall prevalence of malaria and anaemia was 4.3% and 14.1%, respectively, and 19.0% of children reported using an insecticide-treated net (ITN). The prevalence of infection showed marked variation across the country, with prevalence being highest in Western and Nyanza provinces, and lowest in Central, North Eastern and Eastern provinces. Nationally, 2.3% of schools had reported ITN use >60%, and low reported ITN use was a particular problem in Western and Nyanza provinces. Few schools reported having malaria health education materials or ongoing malaria control activities. Conclusion School malaria surveys provide a rapid, cheap and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 9 1
institution Open Polar
collection Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles
op_collection_id ftdoajarticles
language English
topic Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
RC955-962
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
spellingShingle Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
RC955-962
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
Snow Robert W
Juma Elizabeth
Mwanje Mariam
Kihara Jimmy
Karanja Peris N
Gitonga Caroline W
Noor Abdisalan M
Brooker Simon
Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system
topic_facet Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
RC955-962
Infectious and parasitic diseases
RC109-216
description Abstract Objective To design and implement surveys of malaria infection and coverage of malaria control interventions among school children in Kenya in order to contribute towards a nationwide assessment of malaria. Methods The country was stratified into distinct malaria transmission zones based on a malaria risk map and 480 schools were visited between October 2008 and March 2010. Surveys were conducted in two phases: an initial opportunistic phase whereby schools were selected for other research purposes; and a second phase whereby schools were purposively selected to provide adequate spatial representation across the country. Consent for participation was based on passive, opt-out consent rather than written, opt-in consent because of the routine, low-risk nature of the survey. All children were diagnosed for Plasmodium infection using rapid diagnostic tests, assessed for anaemia and were interviewed about mosquito net usage, recent history of illness, and socio-economic and household indicators. Children's responses were entered electronically in the school and data transmitted nightly to Nairobi using a mobile phone modem connection. RDT positive results were corrected by microscopy and all results were adjusted for clustering using random effect regression modelling. Results 49,975 children in 480 schools were sampled, at an estimated cost of US$ 1,116 per school. The overall prevalence of malaria and anaemia was 4.3% and 14.1%, respectively, and 19.0% of children reported using an insecticide-treated net (ITN). The prevalence of infection showed marked variation across the country, with prevalence being highest in Western and Nyanza provinces, and lowest in Central, North Eastern and Eastern provinces. Nationally, 2.3% of schools had reported ITN use >60%, and low reported ITN use was a particular problem in Western and Nyanza provinces. Few schools reported having malaria health education materials or ongoing malaria control activities. Conclusion School malaria surveys provide a rapid, cheap and ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Snow Robert W
Juma Elizabeth
Mwanje Mariam
Kihara Jimmy
Karanja Peris N
Gitonga Caroline W
Noor Abdisalan M
Brooker Simon
author_facet Snow Robert W
Juma Elizabeth
Mwanje Mariam
Kihara Jimmy
Karanja Peris N
Gitonga Caroline W
Noor Abdisalan M
Brooker Simon
author_sort Snow Robert W
title Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system
title_short Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system
title_full Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system
title_fullStr Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system
title_full_unstemmed Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system
title_sort implementing school malaria surveys in kenya: towards a national surveillance system
publisher BMC
publishDate 2010
url https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-306
https://doaj.org/article/38b2af14c7244fe0b139729be2558e8b
geographic Arctic
geographic_facet Arctic
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_source Malaria Journal, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 306 (2010)
op_relation http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/306
https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-306
1475-2875
https://doaj.org/article/38b2af14c7244fe0b139729be2558e8b
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-306
container_title Malaria Journal
container_volume 9
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