A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes
Abstract Background In patients with malaria mixed species infections are common and under reported. In PCR studies conducted in Asia mixed infection rates often exceed 20%. In South-East Asia, approximately one third of patients treated for falciparum malaria experience a subsequent Plasmodium viva...
Published in: | Malaria Journal |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2011
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-253 https://doaj.org/article/382a271f54fb453c85bbc886cf272d0d |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:382a271f54fb453c85bbc886cf272d0d |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:382a271f54fb453c85bbc886cf272d0d 2023-05-15T15:15:49+02:00 A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes Day Nicholas PJ Nakeesathit Supatchara Imwong Mallika White Nicholas J 2011-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-253 https://doaj.org/article/382a271f54fb453c85bbc886cf272d0d EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/253 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-253 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/382a271f54fb453c85bbc886cf272d0d Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 253 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-253 2022-12-31T08:47:40Z Abstract Background In patients with malaria mixed species infections are common and under reported. In PCR studies conducted in Asia mixed infection rates often exceed 20%. In South-East Asia, approximately one third of patients treated for falciparum malaria experience a subsequent Plasmodium vivax infection with a time interval suggesting relapse. It is uncertain whether the two infections are acquired simultaneously or separately. To determine whether mixed species infections in humans are derived from mainly from simultaneous or separate mosquito inoculations the literature on malaria species infection in wild captured anopheline mosquitoes was reviewed. Methods The biomedical literature was searched for studies of malaria infection and species identification in trapped wild mosquitoes and artificially infected mosquitoes. The study location and year, collection methods, mosquito species, number of specimens, parasite stage examined (oocysts or sporozoites), and the methods of parasite detection and speciation were tabulated. The entomological results in South East Asia were compared with mixed infection rates documented in patients in clinical studies. Results In total 63 studies were identified. Individual anopheline mosquitoes were examined for different malaria species in 28 of these. There were 14 studies from Africa; four with species evaluations in individual captured mosquitoes (SEICM). One study, from Ghana, identified a single mixed infection. No mixed infections were identified in Central and South America (seven studies, two SEICM). 42 studies were conducted in Asia and Oceania (11 from Thailand; 27 SEICM). The proportion of anophelines infected with Plasmodium falciparum parasites only was 0.51% (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.57%), for P. vivax only was 0.26% (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.30%), and for mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections was 0.036% (95% CI: 0.016 to 0.056%). The proportion of mixed infections in mosquitoes was significantly higher than expected by chance (P < 0.001), but was one fifth of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 10 1 253 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Day Nicholas PJ Nakeesathit Supatchara Imwong Mallika White Nicholas J A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background In patients with malaria mixed species infections are common and under reported. In PCR studies conducted in Asia mixed infection rates often exceed 20%. In South-East Asia, approximately one third of patients treated for falciparum malaria experience a subsequent Plasmodium vivax infection with a time interval suggesting relapse. It is uncertain whether the two infections are acquired simultaneously or separately. To determine whether mixed species infections in humans are derived from mainly from simultaneous or separate mosquito inoculations the literature on malaria species infection in wild captured anopheline mosquitoes was reviewed. Methods The biomedical literature was searched for studies of malaria infection and species identification in trapped wild mosquitoes and artificially infected mosquitoes. The study location and year, collection methods, mosquito species, number of specimens, parasite stage examined (oocysts or sporozoites), and the methods of parasite detection and speciation were tabulated. The entomological results in South East Asia were compared with mixed infection rates documented in patients in clinical studies. Results In total 63 studies were identified. Individual anopheline mosquitoes were examined for different malaria species in 28 of these. There were 14 studies from Africa; four with species evaluations in individual captured mosquitoes (SEICM). One study, from Ghana, identified a single mixed infection. No mixed infections were identified in Central and South America (seven studies, two SEICM). 42 studies were conducted in Asia and Oceania (11 from Thailand; 27 SEICM). The proportion of anophelines infected with Plasmodium falciparum parasites only was 0.51% (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.57%), for P. vivax only was 0.26% (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.30%), and for mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections was 0.036% (95% CI: 0.016 to 0.056%). The proportion of mixed infections in mosquitoes was significantly higher than expected by chance (P < 0.001), but was one fifth of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Day Nicholas PJ Nakeesathit Supatchara Imwong Mallika White Nicholas J |
author_facet |
Day Nicholas PJ Nakeesathit Supatchara Imwong Mallika White Nicholas J |
author_sort |
Day Nicholas PJ |
title |
A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes |
title_short |
A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes |
title_full |
A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes |
title_fullStr |
A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes |
title_full_unstemmed |
A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes |
title_sort |
review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-253 https://doaj.org/article/382a271f54fb453c85bbc886cf272d0d |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 253 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/253 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-253 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/382a271f54fb453c85bbc886cf272d0d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-253 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
253 |
_version_ |
1766346153513713664 |