New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements
The aim of this study was to create a 3D crustal deformation model for Estonia, based on dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data (geodetic points with velocities) and validate the existing models of horizontal and vertical crustal deformations with velocities from Estonian GNSS measurem...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:38267788f4734d76925ec6e9ae078c93 2023-05-15T16:13:06+02:00 New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements Tarmo Kall Tõnis Oja Kätlin Kruusla Aive Liibusk 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.08 https://doaj.org/article/38267788f4734d76925ec6e9ae078c93 EN eng Estonian Academy Publishers https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-2-2021-107-125_20210325094658.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1736-4728 https://doaj.org/toc/1736-7557 1736-4728 1736-7557 doi:10.3176/earth.2021.08 https://doaj.org/article/38267788f4734d76925ec6e9ae078c93 Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol 70, Iss 2, Pp 107-125 (2021) gnss velocities postglacial rebound intraplate deformations Geology QE1-996.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.08 2022-12-30T23:44:24Z The aim of this study was to create a 3D crustal deformation model for Estonia, based on dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data (geodetic points with velocities) and validate the existing models of horizontal and vertical crustal deformations with velocities from Estonian GNSS measurements. The observations performed for at least eight years at Estonian GNSS permanent stations and during the GNSS campaign measurements of 1997, 2008 and 2017 on the Estonian 1st-order geodetic reference network were used as input data. Coordinates of the geodetic points were calculated in the ITRF2008 reference frame using the Precise Point Positioning method. Horizontal and vertical velocities (in the North, East and Up directions) were calculated for a total of 22 GNSS points. Models for horizontal and vertical velocities were calculated using the removeâcomputeârestore method. The model of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the Nordic Geodetic Commission NKG2016GIA was used as a reference model. Residual velocities of GNSS points showed a good fit with respect to the reference model. The residual velocities were analysed by geostatistical methods and the prediction surfaces of the residual velocities were modelled. After adding the surface of the residual velocities back to the reference model NKG2016GIA, the modelled surface EST2020VEL was obtained. The obtained model was compared with the up-to-date intraplate deformation model NKG_RF17VEL. It was found that recent Fennoscandian intraplate deformation models NKG2016LU and NKG_RF17VEL fitted well with the Estonian GNSS data. However, both models are systematically shifted with respect to the Estonian GNSS data. For applications in Estonia, it is better to use the fitted model EST2020VEL. The uncertainty of the model is estimated to be lower than ±0.5 mm/a. Article in Journal/Newspaper Fennoscandian Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 70 2 107 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
gnss velocities postglacial rebound intraplate deformations Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
gnss velocities postglacial rebound intraplate deformations Geology QE1-996.5 Tarmo Kall Tõnis Oja Kätlin Kruusla Aive Liibusk New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements |
topic_facet |
gnss velocities postglacial rebound intraplate deformations Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The aim of this study was to create a 3D crustal deformation model for Estonia, based on dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data (geodetic points with velocities) and validate the existing models of horizontal and vertical crustal deformations with velocities from Estonian GNSS measurements. The observations performed for at least eight years at Estonian GNSS permanent stations and during the GNSS campaign measurements of 1997, 2008 and 2017 on the Estonian 1st-order geodetic reference network were used as input data. Coordinates of the geodetic points were calculated in the ITRF2008 reference frame using the Precise Point Positioning method. Horizontal and vertical velocities (in the North, East and Up directions) were calculated for a total of 22 GNSS points. Models for horizontal and vertical velocities were calculated using the removeâcomputeârestore method. The model of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the Nordic Geodetic Commission NKG2016GIA was used as a reference model. Residual velocities of GNSS points showed a good fit with respect to the reference model. The residual velocities were analysed by geostatistical methods and the prediction surfaces of the residual velocities were modelled. After adding the surface of the residual velocities back to the reference model NKG2016GIA, the modelled surface EST2020VEL was obtained. The obtained model was compared with the up-to-date intraplate deformation model NKG_RF17VEL. It was found that recent Fennoscandian intraplate deformation models NKG2016LU and NKG_RF17VEL fitted well with the Estonian GNSS data. However, both models are systematically shifted with respect to the Estonian GNSS data. For applications in Estonia, it is better to use the fitted model EST2020VEL. The uncertainty of the model is estimated to be lower than ±0.5 mm/a. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tarmo Kall Tõnis Oja Kätlin Kruusla Aive Liibusk |
author_facet |
Tarmo Kall Tõnis Oja Kätlin Kruusla Aive Liibusk |
author_sort |
Tarmo Kall |
title |
New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements |
title_short |
New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements |
title_full |
New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements |
title_fullStr |
New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements |
title_full_unstemmed |
New 3D velocity model of Estonia from GNSS measurements |
title_sort |
new 3d velocity model of estonia from gnss measurements |
publisher |
Estonian Academy Publishers |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.08 https://doaj.org/article/38267788f4734d76925ec6e9ae078c93 |
genre |
Fennoscandian |
genre_facet |
Fennoscandian |
op_source |
Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol 70, Iss 2, Pp 107-125 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-2-2021-107-125_20210325094658.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1736-4728 https://doaj.org/toc/1736-7557 1736-4728 1736-7557 doi:10.3176/earth.2021.08 https://doaj.org/article/38267788f4734d76925ec6e9ae078c93 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.08 |
container_title |
Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences |
container_volume |
70 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
107 |
_version_ |
1765998715737210880 |