Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes

Arctic land-cover changes induced by recent global climate change (e.g., expansion of woody vegetation into tundra and effects of permafrost degradation) are expected to generate further feedbacks to the climate system. Past changes can be used to assess our understanding of feedback mechanisms thro...

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Published in:Climate of the Past
Main Authors: P. J. Bartlein, M. E. Edwards, S. W. Hostetler, S. L. Shafer, P. M. Anderson, L. B. Brubaker, A. V. Lozhkin
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2015
Subjects:
Ice
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015
https://doaj.org/article/37f74e34a0e846bf9d5746d7d593d972
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spelling ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:37f74e34a0e846bf9d5746d7d593d972 2023-05-15T15:02:05+02:00 Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes P. J. Bartlein M. E. Edwards S. W. Hostetler S. L. Shafer P. M. Anderson L. B. Brubaker A. V. Lozhkin 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015 https://doaj.org/article/37f74e34a0e846bf9d5746d7d593d972 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.clim-past.net/11/1197/2015/cp-11-1197-2015.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 1814-9324 1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015 https://doaj.org/article/37f74e34a0e846bf9d5746d7d593d972 Climate of the Past, Vol 11, Iss 9, Pp 1197-1222 (2015) Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015 2022-12-31T02:03:40Z Arctic land-cover changes induced by recent global climate change (e.g., expansion of woody vegetation into tundra and effects of permafrost degradation) are expected to generate further feedbacks to the climate system. Past changes can be used to assess our understanding of feedback mechanisms through a combination of process modeling and paleo-observations. The subcontinental region of Beringia (northeastern Siberia, Alaska, and northwestern Canada) was largely ice-free at the peak of deglacial warming and experienced both major vegetation change and loss of permafrost when many arctic regions were still ice covered. The evolution of Beringian climate at this time was largely driven by global features, such as the amplified seasonal cycle of Northern Hemisphere insolation and changes in global ice volume and atmospheric composition, but changes in regional land-surface controls, such as the widespread development of thaw lakes, the replacement of tundra by deciduous forest or woodland, and the flooding of the Bering–Chukchi land bridge, were probably also important. We examined the sensitivity of Beringia's early Holocene climate to these regional-scale controls using a regional climate model (RegCM). Lateral and oceanic boundary conditions were provided by global climate simulations conducted using the GENESIS V2.01 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with a mixed-layer ocean. We carried out two present-day simulations of regional climate – one with modern and one with 11 ka geography – plus another simulation for 6 ka. In addition, we performed five ~ 11 ka climate simulations, each driven by the same global AGCM boundary conditions: (i) 11 ka Control , which represents conditions just prior to the major transitions (exposed land bridge, no thaw lakes or wetlands, widespread tundra vegetation), (ii) sea-level rise, which employed present-day continental outlines, (iii) vegetation change, with deciduous needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf boreal vegetation types distributed as suggested by the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Chukchi Climate change Ice permafrost Tundra Alaska Beringia Siberia Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Canada Climate of the Past 11 9 1197 1222
institution Open Polar
collection Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles
op_collection_id ftdoajarticles
language English
topic Environmental pollution
TD172-193.5
Environmental protection
TD169-171.8
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
spellingShingle Environmental pollution
TD172-193.5
Environmental protection
TD169-171.8
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
P. J. Bartlein
M. E. Edwards
S. W. Hostetler
S. L. Shafer
P. M. Anderson
L. B. Brubaker
A. V. Lozhkin
Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes
topic_facet Environmental pollution
TD172-193.5
Environmental protection
TD169-171.8
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
description Arctic land-cover changes induced by recent global climate change (e.g., expansion of woody vegetation into tundra and effects of permafrost degradation) are expected to generate further feedbacks to the climate system. Past changes can be used to assess our understanding of feedback mechanisms through a combination of process modeling and paleo-observations. The subcontinental region of Beringia (northeastern Siberia, Alaska, and northwestern Canada) was largely ice-free at the peak of deglacial warming and experienced both major vegetation change and loss of permafrost when many arctic regions were still ice covered. The evolution of Beringian climate at this time was largely driven by global features, such as the amplified seasonal cycle of Northern Hemisphere insolation and changes in global ice volume and atmospheric composition, but changes in regional land-surface controls, such as the widespread development of thaw lakes, the replacement of tundra by deciduous forest or woodland, and the flooding of the Bering–Chukchi land bridge, were probably also important. We examined the sensitivity of Beringia's early Holocene climate to these regional-scale controls using a regional climate model (RegCM). Lateral and oceanic boundary conditions were provided by global climate simulations conducted using the GENESIS V2.01 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with a mixed-layer ocean. We carried out two present-day simulations of regional climate – one with modern and one with 11 ka geography – plus another simulation for 6 ka. In addition, we performed five ~ 11 ka climate simulations, each driven by the same global AGCM boundary conditions: (i) 11 ka Control , which represents conditions just prior to the major transitions (exposed land bridge, no thaw lakes or wetlands, widespread tundra vegetation), (ii) sea-level rise, which employed present-day continental outlines, (iii) vegetation change, with deciduous needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf boreal vegetation types distributed as suggested by the ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author P. J. Bartlein
M. E. Edwards
S. W. Hostetler
S. L. Shafer
P. M. Anderson
L. B. Brubaker
A. V. Lozhkin
author_facet P. J. Bartlein
M. E. Edwards
S. W. Hostetler
S. L. Shafer
P. M. Anderson
L. B. Brubaker
A. V. Lozhkin
author_sort P. J. Bartlein
title Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes
title_short Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes
title_full Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes
title_fullStr Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes
title_full_unstemmed Early-Holocene warming in Beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes
title_sort early-holocene warming in beringia and its mediation by sea-level and vegetation changes
publisher Copernicus Publications
publishDate 2015
url https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015
https://doaj.org/article/37f74e34a0e846bf9d5746d7d593d972
geographic Arctic
Canada
geographic_facet Arctic
Canada
genre Arctic
Chukchi
Climate change
Ice
permafrost
Tundra
Alaska
Beringia
Siberia
genre_facet Arctic
Chukchi
Climate change
Ice
permafrost
Tundra
Alaska
Beringia
Siberia
op_source Climate of the Past, Vol 11, Iss 9, Pp 1197-1222 (2015)
op_relation http://www.clim-past.net/11/1197/2015/cp-11-1197-2015.pdf
https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324
https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332
1814-9324
1814-9332
doi:10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015
https://doaj.org/article/37f74e34a0e846bf9d5746d7d593d972
op_doi https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1197-2015
container_title Climate of the Past
container_volume 11
container_issue 9
container_start_page 1197
op_container_end_page 1222
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