A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice
Ground- and satellite-based measurements have reported high concentrations of iodine monoxide (IO) in coastal Antarctica. The sources of such a large iodine burden in the coastal Antarctic atmosphere remain unknown. We propose a mechanism for iodine release from sea ice based on the premise that mic...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:35df582efd4b460a8be6a0d1ba206a30 2023-05-15T13:37:15+02:00 A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice A. Saiz-Lopez C. S. Blaszczak-Boxe L. J. Carpenter 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 https://doaj.org/article/35df582efd4b460a8be6a0d1ba206a30 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/9731/2015/acp-15-9731-2015.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 1680-7316 1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 https://doaj.org/article/35df582efd4b460a8be6a0d1ba206a30 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 15, Iss 17, Pp 9731-9746 (2015) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 2022-12-31T06:20:42Z Ground- and satellite-based measurements have reported high concentrations of iodine monoxide (IO) in coastal Antarctica. The sources of such a large iodine burden in the coastal Antarctic atmosphere remain unknown. We propose a mechanism for iodine release from sea ice based on the premise that micro-algae are the primary source of iodine emissions in this environment. The emissions are triggered by the biological production of iodide (I − ) and hypoiodous acid (HOI) from micro-algae (contained within and underneath sea ice) and their diffusion through sea-ice brine channels, ultimately accumulating in a thin brine layer (BL) on the surface of sea ice. Prior to reaching the BL, the diffusion timescale of iodine within sea ice is depth-dependent. The BL is also a vital component of the proposed mechanism as it enhances the chemical kinetics of iodine-related reactions, which allows for the efficient release of iodine to the polar boundary layer. We suggest that iodine is released to the atmosphere via three possible pathways: (1) emitted from the BL and then transported throughout snow atop sea ice, from where it is released to the atmosphere; (2) released directly from the BL to the atmosphere in regions of sea ice that are not covered with snowpack; or (3) emitted to the atmosphere directly through fractures in the sea-ice pack. To investigate the proposed biology–ice–atmosphere coupling at coastal Antarctica we use a multiphase model that incorporates the transport of iodine species, via diffusion, at variable depths, within brine channels of sea ice. Model simulations were conducted to interpret observations of elevated springtime IO in the coastal Antarctic, around the Weddell Sea. While a lack of experimental and observational data adds uncertainty to the model predictions, the results nevertheless show that the levels of inorganic iodine (i.e. I 2 , IBr, ICl) released from sea ice through this mechanism could account for the observed IO concentrations during this timeframe. The model results also indicate ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Sea ice Weddell Sea Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Weddell Sea Weddell Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15 17 9731 9746 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 A. Saiz-Lopez C. S. Blaszczak-Boxe L. J. Carpenter A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Ground- and satellite-based measurements have reported high concentrations of iodine monoxide (IO) in coastal Antarctica. The sources of such a large iodine burden in the coastal Antarctic atmosphere remain unknown. We propose a mechanism for iodine release from sea ice based on the premise that micro-algae are the primary source of iodine emissions in this environment. The emissions are triggered by the biological production of iodide (I − ) and hypoiodous acid (HOI) from micro-algae (contained within and underneath sea ice) and their diffusion through sea-ice brine channels, ultimately accumulating in a thin brine layer (BL) on the surface of sea ice. Prior to reaching the BL, the diffusion timescale of iodine within sea ice is depth-dependent. The BL is also a vital component of the proposed mechanism as it enhances the chemical kinetics of iodine-related reactions, which allows for the efficient release of iodine to the polar boundary layer. We suggest that iodine is released to the atmosphere via three possible pathways: (1) emitted from the BL and then transported throughout snow atop sea ice, from where it is released to the atmosphere; (2) released directly from the BL to the atmosphere in regions of sea ice that are not covered with snowpack; or (3) emitted to the atmosphere directly through fractures in the sea-ice pack. To investigate the proposed biology–ice–atmosphere coupling at coastal Antarctica we use a multiphase model that incorporates the transport of iodine species, via diffusion, at variable depths, within brine channels of sea ice. Model simulations were conducted to interpret observations of elevated springtime IO in the coastal Antarctic, around the Weddell Sea. While a lack of experimental and observational data adds uncertainty to the model predictions, the results nevertheless show that the levels of inorganic iodine (i.e. I 2 , IBr, ICl) released from sea ice through this mechanism could account for the observed IO concentrations during this timeframe. The model results also indicate ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. Saiz-Lopez C. S. Blaszczak-Boxe L. J. Carpenter |
author_facet |
A. Saiz-Lopez C. S. Blaszczak-Boxe L. J. Carpenter |
author_sort |
A. Saiz-Lopez |
title |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_short |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_full |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_fullStr |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_sort |
mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 https://doaj.org/article/35df582efd4b460a8be6a0d1ba206a30 |
geographic |
Antarctic Weddell Sea Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Weddell Sea Weddell |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Sea ice Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Sea ice Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 15, Iss 17, Pp 9731-9746 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/9731/2015/acp-15-9731-2015.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 1680-7316 1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 https://doaj.org/article/35df582efd4b460a8be6a0d1ba206a30 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
9731 |
op_container_end_page |
9746 |
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1766089748946878464 |