Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil.
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in HIV-positive individuals is a global health problem. HIV-Leishmania coinfection worsens prognosis and mortality risk, and HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals are more susceptible to VL relapses. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy can protect agains...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:35906976f2914380a049f256cd264ea2 2023-05-15T15:16:23+02:00 Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil. Diego Lins Guedes Alda Maria Justo Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior Elis Dionísio da Silva Samuel Ricarte de Aquino Manoel Sebastiao da Costa Lima Junior Ulisses Montarroyos Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra Amanda Virginia Batista Vieira Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira Zulma Maria de Medeiros 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067 https://doaj.org/article/35906976f2914380a049f256cd264ea2 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067 https://doaj.org/article/35906976f2914380a049f256cd264ea2 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 1, p e0009067 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067 2022-12-31T11:51:04Z Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in HIV-positive individuals is a global health problem. HIV-Leishmania coinfection worsens prognosis and mortality risk, and HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals are more susceptible to VL relapses. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy can protect against Leishmania infection in individuals living in VL-endemic areas, and regular use of antiretrovirals might prevent VL relapses in these individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Petrolina, Brazil, an VL-endemic area, to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania cases among HIV-positive outpatients. Methods We invited any HIV-positive patients, aged ≥ 18-years-old, under antiretroviral therapy, and who were asymptomatic for VL. Patients were tested for Leishmania with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-rK39, immunochromatographic test (ICT)-rK39, direct agglutination test (DAT), latex agglutination test (KAtex), and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HIV-Leishmania coinfection was diagnosed when at least one VL test was positive. Results A total of 483 patients were included. The sample was predominantly composed of single, < 48-years-old, black/pardo, heterosexual males, with fewer than 8 years of schooling. The prevalence of asymptomatic HIV-Leishmania coinfection was 9.11% (44/483). HIV mono-infected and HIV-Leishmania coinfected groups differed statistically significantly in terms of race (p = 0.045), marital status (p = 0.030), and HIV viral load (p = 0.046). Black/pardo patients, married patients, and those with an HIV viral load up to 100,000 copies/ml presented higher odds for HIV-Leishmania coinfection. Conclusions A considerable number of asymptomatic Leishmania cases were observed among HIV-positive individuals in a VL-endemic area. Given the potential impact on transmission and health costs, as well as the impact on these coinfected individuals, studies of asymptomatic Leishmania carriers can be useful for guiding public health policies in VL-endemic areas aiming to ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 1 e0009067 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Diego Lins Guedes Alda Maria Justo Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior Elis Dionísio da Silva Samuel Ricarte de Aquino Manoel Sebastiao da Costa Lima Junior Ulisses Montarroyos Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra Amanda Virginia Batista Vieira Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira Zulma Maria de Medeiros Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in HIV-positive individuals is a global health problem. HIV-Leishmania coinfection worsens prognosis and mortality risk, and HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals are more susceptible to VL relapses. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy can protect against Leishmania infection in individuals living in VL-endemic areas, and regular use of antiretrovirals might prevent VL relapses in these individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Petrolina, Brazil, an VL-endemic area, to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania cases among HIV-positive outpatients. Methods We invited any HIV-positive patients, aged ≥ 18-years-old, under antiretroviral therapy, and who were asymptomatic for VL. Patients were tested for Leishmania with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-rK39, immunochromatographic test (ICT)-rK39, direct agglutination test (DAT), latex agglutination test (KAtex), and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HIV-Leishmania coinfection was diagnosed when at least one VL test was positive. Results A total of 483 patients were included. The sample was predominantly composed of single, < 48-years-old, black/pardo, heterosexual males, with fewer than 8 years of schooling. The prevalence of asymptomatic HIV-Leishmania coinfection was 9.11% (44/483). HIV mono-infected and HIV-Leishmania coinfected groups differed statistically significantly in terms of race (p = 0.045), marital status (p = 0.030), and HIV viral load (p = 0.046). Black/pardo patients, married patients, and those with an HIV viral load up to 100,000 copies/ml presented higher odds for HIV-Leishmania coinfection. Conclusions A considerable number of asymptomatic Leishmania cases were observed among HIV-positive individuals in a VL-endemic area. Given the potential impact on transmission and health costs, as well as the impact on these coinfected individuals, studies of asymptomatic Leishmania carriers can be useful for guiding public health policies in VL-endemic areas aiming to ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Diego Lins Guedes Alda Maria Justo Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior Elis Dionísio da Silva Samuel Ricarte de Aquino Manoel Sebastiao da Costa Lima Junior Ulisses Montarroyos Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra Amanda Virginia Batista Vieira Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira Zulma Maria de Medeiros |
author_facet |
Diego Lins Guedes Alda Maria Justo Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior Elis Dionísio da Silva Samuel Ricarte de Aquino Manoel Sebastiao da Costa Lima Junior Ulisses Montarroyos Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra Amanda Virginia Batista Vieira Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira Zulma Maria de Medeiros |
author_sort |
Diego Lins Guedes |
title |
Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil. |
title_short |
Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil. |
title_full |
Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil. |
title_fullStr |
Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil. |
title_sort |
asymptomatic leishmania infection in hiv-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in pernambuco, brazil. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067 https://doaj.org/article/35906976f2914380a049f256cd264ea2 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 1, p e0009067 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067 https://doaj.org/article/35906976f2914380a049f256cd264ea2 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009067 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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e0009067 |
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