Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic
Atmospheric aerosol composition was measured using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) in the Finnish Arctic during winter 2011–2012. The Sammaltunturi measurement site at the Pallas GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) station receives air masses from different source regions including the Arctic Ocea...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:342e923b4eb645a091d3b8bd535fbeeb 2023-05-15T14:56:37+02:00 Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic T. Raatikainen D. Brus A.-P. Hyvärinen J. Svensson E. Asmi H. Lihavainen 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015 https://doaj.org/article/342e923b4eb645a091d3b8bd535fbeeb EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/10057/2015/acp-15-10057-2015.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 1680-7316 1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015 https://doaj.org/article/342e923b4eb645a091d3b8bd535fbeeb Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 15, Iss 17, Pp 10057-10070 (2015) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015 2022-12-30T22:56:48Z Atmospheric aerosol composition was measured using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) in the Finnish Arctic during winter 2011–2012. The Sammaltunturi measurement site at the Pallas GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) station receives air masses from different source regions including the Arctic Ocean and continental Europe. The SP2 provides detailed information about mass distributions and mixing state of refractory black carbon (rBC). The measurements showed widely varying rBC mass concentrations (0–120 ng m −3 ), which were related to varying contributions of different source regions and aerosol removal processes. The rBC mass was log-normally distributed showing a relatively constant rBC core mass mean diameter with an average of 194 nm (75–655 nm sizing range). On average, the number fraction of particles containing rBC was 0.24 (integrated over 350–450 nm particle diameter range) and the average particle diameter to rBC core volume equivalent diameter ratio was 2.0 (averaged over particles with 150–200 nm rBC core volume equivalent diameters). These average numbers mean that the observed rBC core mass mean diameter is similar to those of aged particles, but the observed particles seem to have unusually high particle to rBC core diameter ratios. Comparison of the measured rBC mass concentration with that of the optically detected equivalent black carbon (eBC) using an Aethalometer and a MAAP showed that eBC was larger by a factor of five. The difference could not be fully explained without assuming that only a part of the optically detected light absorbing material is refractory and absorbs light at the wavelength used by the SP2. Finally, climate implications of five different black carbon mixing state representations were compared using the Mie approximation and simple direct radiative forcing efficiency calculations. These calculations showed that the observed mixing state means significantly lower warming effect or even a net cooling effect when compared with that of a homogenous aerosol containing the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean black carbon Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Sammaltunturi ENVELOPE(24.119,24.119,67.967,67.967) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15 17 10057 10070 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 T. Raatikainen D. Brus A.-P. Hyvärinen J. Svensson E. Asmi H. Lihavainen Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Atmospheric aerosol composition was measured using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) in the Finnish Arctic during winter 2011–2012. The Sammaltunturi measurement site at the Pallas GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) station receives air masses from different source regions including the Arctic Ocean and continental Europe. The SP2 provides detailed information about mass distributions and mixing state of refractory black carbon (rBC). The measurements showed widely varying rBC mass concentrations (0–120 ng m −3 ), which were related to varying contributions of different source regions and aerosol removal processes. The rBC mass was log-normally distributed showing a relatively constant rBC core mass mean diameter with an average of 194 nm (75–655 nm sizing range). On average, the number fraction of particles containing rBC was 0.24 (integrated over 350–450 nm particle diameter range) and the average particle diameter to rBC core volume equivalent diameter ratio was 2.0 (averaged over particles with 150–200 nm rBC core volume equivalent diameters). These average numbers mean that the observed rBC core mass mean diameter is similar to those of aged particles, but the observed particles seem to have unusually high particle to rBC core diameter ratios. Comparison of the measured rBC mass concentration with that of the optically detected equivalent black carbon (eBC) using an Aethalometer and a MAAP showed that eBC was larger by a factor of five. The difference could not be fully explained without assuming that only a part of the optically detected light absorbing material is refractory and absorbs light at the wavelength used by the SP2. Finally, climate implications of five different black carbon mixing state representations were compared using the Mie approximation and simple direct radiative forcing efficiency calculations. These calculations showed that the observed mixing state means significantly lower warming effect or even a net cooling effect when compared with that of a homogenous aerosol containing the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
T. Raatikainen D. Brus A.-P. Hyvärinen J. Svensson E. Asmi H. Lihavainen |
author_facet |
T. Raatikainen D. Brus A.-P. Hyvärinen J. Svensson E. Asmi H. Lihavainen |
author_sort |
T. Raatikainen |
title |
Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic |
title_short |
Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic |
title_full |
Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic |
title_sort |
black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the finnish arctic |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015 https://doaj.org/article/342e923b4eb645a091d3b8bd535fbeeb |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(24.119,24.119,67.967,67.967) |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sammaltunturi |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sammaltunturi |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean black carbon |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean black carbon |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 15, Iss 17, Pp 10057-10070 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/10057/2015/acp-15-10057-2015.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 1680-7316 1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015 https://doaj.org/article/342e923b4eb645a091d3b8bd535fbeeb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
10057 |
op_container_end_page |
10070 |
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1766328703607898112 |