Functional Analysis of Conserved Hypothetical Proteins from the Antarctic Bacterium, Pedobacter cryoconitis Strain BG5 Reveals Protein Cold Adaptation and Thermal Tolerance Strategies
Pedobacter cryoconitis BG5 is an obligate psychrophilic bacterium that was first isolated on King George Island, Antarctica. Over the last 50 years, the West Antarctic, including King George Island, has been one of the most rapidly warming places on Earth, hence making it an excellent area to measur...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:342763fbd5454c5b969be1b62c1c68c0 2023-05-15T13:35:40+02:00 Functional Analysis of Conserved Hypothetical Proteins from the Antarctic Bacterium, Pedobacter cryoconitis Strain BG5 Reveals Protein Cold Adaptation and Thermal Tolerance Strategies Makdi Masnoddin Clemente Michael Wong Vui Ling Nur Athirah Yusof 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081654 https://doaj.org/article/342763fbd5454c5b969be1b62c1c68c0 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/8/1654 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 doi:10.3390/microorganisms10081654 2076-2607 https://doaj.org/article/342763fbd5454c5b969be1b62c1c68c0 Microorganisms, Vol 10, Iss 1654, p 1654 (2022) conserved hypothetical protein quantitative PCR Antarctic microbes cold adaptation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081654 2022-12-30T22:18:28Z Pedobacter cryoconitis BG5 is an obligate psychrophilic bacterium that was first isolated on King George Island, Antarctica. Over the last 50 years, the West Antarctic, including King George Island, has been one of the most rapidly warming places on Earth, hence making it an excellent area to measure the resilience of living species in warmed areas exposed to the constantly changing environment due to climate change. This bacterium encodes a genome of approximately 5694 protein-coding genes. However, 35% of the gene models for this species are found to be hypothetical proteins (HP). In this study, three conserved HP genes of P. cryoconitis , designated pcbg5hp1 , pcbg5hp2 and pcbg5hp12 , were cloned and the proteins were expressed, purified and their functions and structures were evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that these genes were expressed constitutively, suggesting a potentially important role where the expression of these genes under an almost constant demand might have some regulatory functions in thermal stress tolerance. Functional analysis showed that these proteins maintained their activities at low and moderate temperatures. Meanwhile, a low citrate synthase aggregation at 43 °C in the presence of PCBG5HP1 suggested the characteristics of chaperone activity. Furthermore, our comparative structural analysis demonstrated that the HPs exhibited cold-adapted traits, most notably increased flexibility in their 3D structures compared to their counterparts. Concurrently, the presence of a disulphide bridge and aromatic clusters was attributed to PCBG5HP1’s unusual protein stability and chaperone activity. Thus, this suggested that the HPs examined in this study acquired strategies to maintain a balance between molecular stability and structural flexibility. Conclusively, this study has established the structure–function relationships of the HPs produced by P. cryoconitis and provided crucial experimental evidence indicating their importance in thermal stress response. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica King George Island Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic The Antarctic King George Island Microorganisms 10 8 1654 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
conserved hypothetical protein quantitative PCR Antarctic microbes cold adaptation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
conserved hypothetical protein quantitative PCR Antarctic microbes cold adaptation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Makdi Masnoddin Clemente Michael Wong Vui Ling Nur Athirah Yusof Functional Analysis of Conserved Hypothetical Proteins from the Antarctic Bacterium, Pedobacter cryoconitis Strain BG5 Reveals Protein Cold Adaptation and Thermal Tolerance Strategies |
topic_facet |
conserved hypothetical protein quantitative PCR Antarctic microbes cold adaptation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Pedobacter cryoconitis BG5 is an obligate psychrophilic bacterium that was first isolated on King George Island, Antarctica. Over the last 50 years, the West Antarctic, including King George Island, has been one of the most rapidly warming places on Earth, hence making it an excellent area to measure the resilience of living species in warmed areas exposed to the constantly changing environment due to climate change. This bacterium encodes a genome of approximately 5694 protein-coding genes. However, 35% of the gene models for this species are found to be hypothetical proteins (HP). In this study, three conserved HP genes of P. cryoconitis , designated pcbg5hp1 , pcbg5hp2 and pcbg5hp12 , were cloned and the proteins were expressed, purified and their functions and structures were evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that these genes were expressed constitutively, suggesting a potentially important role where the expression of these genes under an almost constant demand might have some regulatory functions in thermal stress tolerance. Functional analysis showed that these proteins maintained their activities at low and moderate temperatures. Meanwhile, a low citrate synthase aggregation at 43 °C in the presence of PCBG5HP1 suggested the characteristics of chaperone activity. Furthermore, our comparative structural analysis demonstrated that the HPs exhibited cold-adapted traits, most notably increased flexibility in their 3D structures compared to their counterparts. Concurrently, the presence of a disulphide bridge and aromatic clusters was attributed to PCBG5HP1’s unusual protein stability and chaperone activity. Thus, this suggested that the HPs examined in this study acquired strategies to maintain a balance between molecular stability and structural flexibility. Conclusively, this study has established the structure–function relationships of the HPs produced by P. cryoconitis and provided crucial experimental evidence indicating their importance in thermal stress response. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Makdi Masnoddin Clemente Michael Wong Vui Ling Nur Athirah Yusof |
author_facet |
Makdi Masnoddin Clemente Michael Wong Vui Ling Nur Athirah Yusof |
author_sort |
Makdi Masnoddin |
title |
Functional Analysis of Conserved Hypothetical Proteins from the Antarctic Bacterium, Pedobacter cryoconitis Strain BG5 Reveals Protein Cold Adaptation and Thermal Tolerance Strategies |
title_short |
Functional Analysis of Conserved Hypothetical Proteins from the Antarctic Bacterium, Pedobacter cryoconitis Strain BG5 Reveals Protein Cold Adaptation and Thermal Tolerance Strategies |
title_full |
Functional Analysis of Conserved Hypothetical Proteins from the Antarctic Bacterium, Pedobacter cryoconitis Strain BG5 Reveals Protein Cold Adaptation and Thermal Tolerance Strategies |
title_fullStr |
Functional Analysis of Conserved Hypothetical Proteins from the Antarctic Bacterium, Pedobacter cryoconitis Strain BG5 Reveals Protein Cold Adaptation and Thermal Tolerance Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Functional Analysis of Conserved Hypothetical Proteins from the Antarctic Bacterium, Pedobacter cryoconitis Strain BG5 Reveals Protein Cold Adaptation and Thermal Tolerance Strategies |
title_sort |
functional analysis of conserved hypothetical proteins from the antarctic bacterium, pedobacter cryoconitis strain bg5 reveals protein cold adaptation and thermal tolerance strategies |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081654 https://doaj.org/article/342763fbd5454c5b969be1b62c1c68c0 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic King George Island |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic King George Island |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica King George Island |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica King George Island |
op_source |
Microorganisms, Vol 10, Iss 1654, p 1654 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/8/1654 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 doi:10.3390/microorganisms10081654 2076-2607 https://doaj.org/article/342763fbd5454c5b969be1b62c1c68c0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081654 |
container_title |
Microorganisms |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1654 |
_version_ |
1766068686750220288 |